1. The Continuing Cold War Chapter 19, section 4

2. Hey david do the quiz!

4. Setting the Scene 2nd Red Scare
Americans are paranoid that anyone could be a Communist Spy!
ANYONE!

5. Pete Seeger

6. Charlie Chaplin

7. W.E.B. Dubois

8. Burgess Meredith

9. The Cincinnati Reds!?!?

10. McCarthy’s List
205 known Communists working for the US government
Actually people who had been investigated under Truman’s Loyalty Programs
Used this list to catapult himself to fame (he was a nobody rookie senator before this)

11. Uses SMEAR TACTICS to intimidate his opponents
Even Went after George Marshall
“a conspiracy so immense and an infamy so black as to dwarf any previous venture in the history of man”

12. 1953 Reelected to the Senate
Made Chairman of the Senate Subcommittee to investigate Communist influence in the US
Merely being accused by McCarthy’s committee ruins many careers and reputations

13. Many Senators were afraid to stand up to him for fear of being branded a “pinko” (communist sympathizer)

14. Margaret Chase Smith “Declaration of “Conscience”
“Americanism is … The right to criticize; The right to hold unpopular beliefs; The right to protest; The right of independent thought. The exercise of these rights should not cost one single American citizen his reputation or his right to a livelihood nor should he be in danger of losing his reputation or livelihood merely because he happens to know someone who holds unpopular beliefs.”

15. 1954 McCarthy’s aid is drafted into the Army.
McCarthy accuses the army of being “overrun with Communists”

16. Senate Sub-Committee votes to investigate the Army, Democrats ask to televise the hearings
Americans are shocked to see McCarthy bully and intimidate witnesses

17. McCarthy is exposed as a fraud and loses all credibility, and the Senate condemns him.
McCarthy accuses the Senate of being Communists

18. Edward R. Murrow
Journalist who tried to expose McCarthy as a fraud on his program “See it Now”

19. Effects of McCarthyism
The US went through an extensive period of suppression of free speech and open debate.
***IT WAS DANGEROUS TO HAVE A DISSENTING OPINION***

20. The Cold War in the 1950’s
Many policy makers in Washington wanted to “roll back” Communism
Eisenhower knew that open war with the Soviets could be devastating
East Germans (1954)
Poles (1956)
Hungarians (1956)

21. Ends the war in Korea
Begins sending aid to France who is trying to hold on to on of their colonies, French Indochina

22. Middle East
Creation of Israel and Palestine in 1948 are a major cause of tension in the Middle East
Eisenhower struggles to keep OPEC nations from falling under Communist influence

23. Overthrow the temporary Iranian government; reinstate the pro-American Shah of Iran
Eisenhower Doctrine – Support any country in the Middle East that was attempting to resist the influence of Communism

24. Latin America
We (CIA) overthrow the Guatemalan Government that was too radical for our tastes
We invade Nicaragua and Honduras to help “prop up” two unpopular (but pro-American) leaders

25. Nuclear Bomb Yields Kiloton = 1000 tons of TNT
Megaton = 100,000,000 tons of TNT
Little Boy (Hirosima) = 13 Kilotons (390,000,000lbs!)

26. “Davy Crockett” - .01 to 1 Kiloton

27. Castle Bravo – 15 Megatons(3,000,000,000,000lbs)
1,200 times more powerful than the atomic bombs which were dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki during WWII

28. The race heats up… 1953 – We test our first thermonuclear bomb
1954 – Soviets test their first thermonuclear bomb
1954 – We test 19 thermonuclear bombs

29. TSAR bomb 50 megatons (10,000,000,000,000 lbs)

30. Mushroom cloud was 64 miles high
Blast was felt in Finland
Broke glass windows 1000 miles away
Shockwave traveled the Earth 3 times

32. The US government believes in a policy of deterrence
The US government believes in a policy of deterrence. We will become so strong, no one will attack us
Brinksmanship – the ability to go the very edge of open war to achieve political goals
ICBM’s – since we had much better planes to deliver our bombs, the Soviets began to develop missiles

33. Sputnik
1957 – Soviets use an ICBM to launch Sputnik. Americans realize that they now have the ability to launce a missile at the US from the USSR

34. U2 spy plane is shot down

35. ->
Both Sputnik and the U2 incident show that we are lagging behind the soviets in military research.

36. Nuclear Testing