1. The Hydrological Cycle
HYDROSPHERE
The Hydrological Cycle
By the end of the lesson you will be able to:
Describe the global hydrological cycle
Categorise the elements of the movement of water within the drainage basin
Inputs
Storage
Transfer
outputs

2. The Hydrological Cycle
HYDROSPHERE
The Hydrological Cycle
This is the system which describes the distribution and movement of water between the earth and its atmosphere.

3. HYDROSPHERE

4. HYDROSPHERE
A CLOSED SYSTEM
The hydrological cycle is a good example of a closed system: the total amount of water is the same, with virtually no water added to or lost from the cycle.
Water just moves from one storage type to another.

5. DRAINAGE BASIN HYDROSPHERE PRECIPITATION BASIN INFILTRATION
evapotranspiration
INFILTRATION
SURFACE STORAGE
INTERCEPTION
PERCOLATION
THROUGH FLOW
CHANNEL FLOW
SURFACE
RUN-OFF
GROUNDWATER FLOW

6. WATER MOVEMENT HYDROSPHERE
The movement of water in a basin relates to the permeability of the underlying rock.
If a rock is impermeable it does not allow water to pass through it. Water in impermeable areas flows across the ground surface.
A permeable rock allows water to pass through it and may be of two types:-
Pervious rocks (eg: carboniferous limestone) contains joints (cracks) which allow water to flow downwards.
Porous rocks (eg: chalk) have small pores (air spaces) which allow water to pass through the rock itself. .

7. Inputs and outputs PRECIPITATION - input EVAPOTRANSPIRATION - output
HYDROSPHERE
Inputs and outputs
PRECIPITATION - input
Precipitation occurs with rain, hail, snow, sleet or dew.
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION - output
Evapotranspiration as plants breathe (transpire) they loose water vapour to the atmosphere.

8. transfers Percolation: water percolates into the rocks.
HYDROSPHERE
Infiltration: water seeps downwards into the soil.
Percolation: water percolates into the rocks.
transfers
RUN-OFF / SURFACE FLOW
The rainwater flows, either over the ground (run off / surface flow) into rivers and back to the ocean
Water flows through the soil back to the sea as through-flow.
Then returns back to the sea flowing through the bed rock as ground-water flow.

9. storage Surface storage: water stored in lakes and reservoirs
HYDROSPHERE
Interception: plants and their leaves collect rainwater
Surface storage: water stored in lakes and reservoirs
storage
Soil moisture storage
Water stored in the soil
Groundwater: Water stored in the porous rocks

10. THE WATER CYCLE BALANCE
HYDROSPHERE
THE WATER CYCLE
BALANCE
Usually the water cycle is in balance, and the amount of precipitation falling will slowly soak into the ground and eventually reach the rivers.
However, if rain falls for a long period of time or if the ground is already soaked or saturated with water then the chance of flooding is increased.

11. Complete the diagram Fill in the blanks Colour code the processes
HYDROSPHERE
Complete the diagram
Water table
Variable level
INPUTS
STORAGE
TRANSFERS
OUTPUTS
Fill in the blanks
Colour code the processes

12. Complete the diagram Fill in the blanks Colour code the processes
HYDROSPHERE
Complete the diagram
Vegetation storage
evaporation
precipitation
Surface run-off
OUTPUT TO SEA
evapotranspiration
interception
percolation
Stem flow
infiltration
Groundwater flow
Channel storage
Through flow
Soil water storage
Groundwater storage
Surface storage
Channel flow
Water table
Variable level
INPUTS
STORAGE
TRANSFERS
OUTPUTS
Fill in the blanks
Colour code the processes