1. Glaciation-Induced Sea-Level Change: Theory and Applications Glenn Milne, University of Durham February 2004

2. GIA MODEL Earth ForcingEarth Rheology Rotational potential Euler equations Surface loading Ice Interdisciplinary approach Ocean Sea-level equation Other? Ice dammed lakes Sediment redistribution Impulse response formalism Linear Maxwell rheology 1D structure Ice history and Earth rheology are the key inputs

3. http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/paleo/slides/slideset/index11.htm

4. Mitrovica et al., Nature, 409, 2001. Geoid Perturbation

5. Solid Surface Perturbation

6. Ice-Induced Syphoning Mitrovica & Milne (2002)

7. Ocean-Induced Syphoning

8. Solving the Sea-Level Equation General methodology used is straightforward. Most groups now adopt the pseudo-spectral algorithm (Mitrovica and Peltier 1991). Some recent improvements have been incorporated: - Time-dependent shorelines (Lambeck &Nakada 1990; Johnston 1993; Peltier 1994) - Rotational feedback (Han & Wahr 1989; Milne & Mitrovica 1996;1998) - Near-field water influx (Milne 1998; Milne et al. 1999).

11. Applications of Sea-Level Model Infer solid earth rheology. Constrain regional ice sheet histories. Infer magnitude and source of glacial melt water -Glacial -Holocene -Present.

12. Data from 3 far-field sites indicate a massive melt water influx at ~14,250 yr BP (mwp-IA). Event of this magnitude would have a dramatic effect on climate system. Source(s) of mwp-IA strongly debated. Clark et al. (2002)

14. Fingerprinting the Source of mwp-IA Clark et al. (2002)

15. Fingerprinting the Source of mwp-IA Clark et al. (2002)