1. Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Chordata
Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Amphibia

2. Class Amphibia Amphi = both Bios = lives Examples:
salamanders (including newts & efts)
caecilians
frogs
toads

3. Salamanders (including newts & efts)
Tiger salamander

4. Salamanders (including newts & efts)
Jeffersonian salamander

5. Salamanders (including newts & efts)
Eastern Hellbender

6. Salamanders (including newts & efts)
Marbled Salamander

7. Salamanders (including newts & efts)
Red-spotted salamander

8. Salamanders (including newts & efts)
Northern Red salamander

9. Salamanders (including newts & efts)
Axolotl

10. Salamanders (including newts & efts)
Red eft

11. Caecilians

12. Frogs

13. Frogs
Leopard frog

14. Poison Dart Frog

15. Poison Dart Frog

16. Poison Dart Frog

17. Poison Dart Frog

18. Poison Dart Frog

19. African clawed frog

20. Gastric Brooding Frog

21. Goliath frog

22. Tomato frog

23. Flying frog

24. Toads
Boreal toad

25. Boreal toad

26. Cane toad

27. American toad

28. Surinam Toad (frog?)

29. General Information 3,400 species Habitat: Adults: terrestrial
Sub – adults (larvae):
aquatic (freshwater)

30. Skeleton – Bony Limbs - Tetrapods (“4 feet”) Some legless (Caecilians)
Feet often webbed (for swimming)
Forelimbs usually with 4 digits

31. Skin Smooth & moist No scales Lungs (most adults) Gills ( tadpoles)
Ectothermal – use environment to regulate body temperature

32. Skin glands Name of gland Function Mucus Prevent dehydration Wax
Poison
Defense
Pigment
(chromatophores)
Defense / Camouflage

33. Reproduction Dioecious Internal fertilization –
salamanders & caecilians
External fertilization –
frogs & toads

34. Reproduction Viviparous – eggs must be kept moist
Metamorphosis – (usually present)
eggs → larvae (sub-adults) → adults

35. Metamorphosis

36. Three Orders Order Gymnophiona “naked snake” –
caecilians (a.k.a. Apoda)
2. Order Caudata “ having a tail” –
salamanders, newts, efts
3. Order Anura “ without tail” –
frogs & toads

37. Order Gymnophiona (caecilians)-
Rare
Limbless
Habitat: Burrow in earth, tropical habitats
Feeding: worms & small invertebrates

38. Order Caudata (salamanders, etc.)
Habitat: all moist Northern temperate
habitats
Feeding: adults & larvae carnivorous
(moving prey, small invertebrates)
Internal fertilization

39. Order Anura (frogs & toads)
Habitat:
1. adults: terrestrial, moist soil
2. larvae: fresh water
Feeding:
External fertilization (amplexus)
Endangered world-wide
Sentinel species:
very sensitive to environmental changes
( E.g. uv exposure, water pollution )
due to dependence on moist/ aquatic envmnt.