1. Cellular Respiration Energy Connection Energy Transformation
in Living Organisms- Cell Process
Cellular Respiration
Energy Connection

2. Review: Producers Producers get their energy from the sun.
Producers convert this light energy into stored chemical energy (glucose).
This process is called photosynthesis.

3. Review: Consumers Consumers get their energy from the producers.
Consumers convert stored chemical energy (glucose) into usable chemical energy (ATP).
This process is called cellular respiration.

4. Why Do Cells Need Energy?
Cells Need Energy To:
move
change shape
repair structure
make new cell parts
transport food
expel wastes

5. The Cells Fuel: ATP Adenosine triphosphate = ATP
Major fuel used for all cell activities
Food molecules (carbs or fats) are broken down – released energy is ATP

6. Food Eaten Release Energy
Energy is stored in
carbohydrates and lipids
Energy release is ATP
Energy (ATP) is used by the
Cells to perform cell activities

7. D. Cellular Respiration (Process)
a. Process that cells break down simple food molecules and release energy
After you eat, your body converts carbohydrates (sugars and starches) into ATP
When the body needs energy (ATP), cells “withdraw” energy (ATP) from glucose
b. Occurs in both plants and animals
Occurs in the mitochondria
You breathe for your mitochondria

8. Cellular Respiration
c. Converts the food we eat into energy for the cell
d. Lots of the energy is stored in the form of ATP (fuel for the cell)
e. Most of the energy is released in the form of heat… which helps to maintain a constant body temperature
e. Produces carbon dioxide gas

9. REACTANTS
PRODUCTS

10. E. Cellular Respiration Chemical Equation
Raw Materials Products
C6H C H20 + Energy
Glucose Oxygen Carbon Dioxide Water ATP

11. F. Comparison of the 2 Cell Processes Cellular Respiration Photosynthesis

12. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
*They are opposites!* They both provide energy.
* They form a cycle!

14. Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration Working Together

15. Do only animals respire? Or do plants respire too?
The BIG Question is…
Do only animals respire?
Or do plants respire too?
Only plants perform photosynthesis
Plants AND animals perform cellular respiration!
(Can you explain why??)

16. Site of Cellular Respiration
Both plant and animal cells contain mitochondria: cell structures that transform chemical energy from glucose to ATP.

17. Significant ATP Production
Aerobic (with oxygen) cellular respiration releases energy SLOWLY, using oxygen to convert ONE molecule of glucose to 36 ATP!

18. Cellular Respiration (anaerobic)
(Without oxygen)
What happens when cells don’t have enough oxygen?
Some organisms live in an oxygen-free environment. How do they get their energy?

19. Cellular Respiration (anaerobic)
Anaerobic respiration is also called fermentation, or the process by which energy is released from glucose when oxygen is NOT available.
This process allows organisms to continue to produce energy until oxygen is available.
However, this process only releases 2 ATP per molecule of glucose.

20. Alcoholic Fermentation
Anaerobic way of converting energy for yeast and other microorganisms
Glucose broken down to produce alcohol, CO2 and energy (ATP)
C6H12O6  ethanol + CO2 + 2 ATP
EX: baking bread with yeast
fermenting wine & beer

21. Fermentation - Bread Source of sugar? DOUGH! (sugar and/or flour)
Yeast use up the O2 and ferment sugar
Produce CO2, which is trapped within
tiny bubbles & results in the dough rising
Produce ethanol, which evaporates in the baking process
Yeast Cells
Dough Fermenting

22. Fermentation - Wine Source of sugar? GRAPES!
Yeast use up the O2 and ferment sugar
Produce CO2 (kept only in champagne)
Produce ethanol (% alcohol varies based on sugar content of grapes and # of fermentations)

23. Fermentation - Beer Source of sugar? BARLEY!
Yeast use up the O2 and ferment sugar
Hops are added as a preservative
and for added flavor
Produce CO2 and ethanol also
Various carbohydrates can be used to make alcohol – including wheat, rice, and potatoes!

24. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Anaerobic way of converting energy in animal cells and some microorganisms
Glucose broken down to produce lactic acid, CO2 and energy (ATP)
C6H12O6  lactic acid + CO2 + 2 ATP
EX: muscle cells during strenuous exercise, fermenting cheese, yogurt, sour cream

25. Strenuous Exercise
Lactic acid is produced by your muscle cells during rapid exercise when the body cannot supply enough O2 to tissues.
Without enough O2, the body is NOT able to produce all of the ATP that is required.
The buildup of lactic acid can cause painful burning in your muscles!

26. Minimal ATP Production
In the absence of oxygen, anaerobic respiration only releases 2 ATP for each molecule of glucose broken down.

27. Comparing ATP Production
First, your body breaks down glucose through aerobic respiration to produce 36 ATP per glucose molecule; however, this is a slow process.
When muscle cells cannot get enough O2 they break down glucose through lactic acid fermentation to produce 2 ATP per glucose…
Therefore, AEROBIC RESPIRATION is much more efficient in terms of ATP production –
36 ATP compared to 2 ATP!

28. Aerobic Training Ex: long runs, biking, swimming
Can increase the size and number of mitochondria in muscle cells
Can increase the delivery of O2 to muscles by improving the heart and lungs

29. Anaerobic Training Ex: sprints, strides, quick bursts of energy
Increase the glycogen levels in the muscles
Increase body’s tolerance to lactic acid