1. Global warming: What is the controversy? http://www.junkscience.com/GMT/index.htm Interesting NPR story on recently rejected coal power plant in Kansas http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=15546026

2. http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/EDDOCS/images/Erb/components2.gif

3. Spectrum of Solar radiation at the Earth’s surface H&K fig 6.2 Absorption bands due to gasses like CO 2, H 2 O, CH 4 etc. These are the so-called green-house gasses. O 3 In the stratosphere

4. Absorption by the Atmosphere http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Atmospheric_Transmission.png

5. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas These number differ slightly From those in your text

6. Carbon Cycle http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_cycle

7. http://www.whrc.org/carbon/http://www.whrc.org/carbon/ (Woods Hole Research Center) Sediments and sedimentary Rocks could account for another 6x10 7 Petagrams! (www.physicalgeography.net/9r.html)

8. http://www.whrc.org/carbon/http://www.whrc.org/carbon/ (Woods Hole Research Center)

9. H&K Fig. 9.6: Feedback (positive and Negative) “Butterfly effect” in complex systems

10. CO 2 Concentrations and Temperature Change Note that total temperature change across several ice ages was only about 12 o C or about 22 o F.

11. Another way to look at it: Robinson et al. J. Phys. Surg. 12, 79-90 (2007) These doctors say yes the warming is there, but claim that there is no evidence that the warming is anthropogenic. Why might you be skeptical of this article?

12. http://www.mardiros.net/atmosphere/atmosphere_structure.html 10 ppm ozone at ~ 50 km compared to 40 ppb ozone in the troposphere!

13. http://www.atm.ch.cam.ac.uk/tour/part2.html Ozone levels at Halley Bay station (Antarctica)

14. TOMS Satellite movie ( Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer ) http://www.atm.ch.cam.ac.uk/tour/anim_toms.html

15. TOMS Satellite movie ( Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer ) http://www.atm.ch.cam.ac.uk/tour/part2.html

16. Carbon Cycle http://www.bigelow.org/foodweb/carbon_cycle.jpg

17. Exam II Review 115 points again (translated to 100 for course total) 23 questions 5 or so are numeric. Bring a calculator! Covers Solar Energy through global warming and biofuels. –Chapters 6, 17, 7, 8, 9 (thru 9.B). Cover sheet is up on ONCOURSE (blue font identifies additions since the first exam). OFFICE HOURS: T 11:00-12:00, 1:00-2:30; W 2:45 to 3:45, Thurs 8:00 to 9:00

18. Solar Energy Active/passive systems: basics of design Direct, indirect, diffuse Basic system design (components, features) Solar constant and insolation Flat panel vs. focusing systems How much energy is available Advantages/disadvantages

19. Fossil Fuels Resources vs. reserves (proven, inferred…) Attractive features vs. problems associated with them. Exploration, refining, production,… Natural gas: what is it? Where is it? Alternative sources: oil sands/shale, clathrates, etc. Coal: Impurities, types Societal use, sector use Physical differences between grades

20. Biomass What is it? Landfill design Sources of various types (ethanol, biogas, methanol, municipal waste) Anaerobic digestion (input and output) Energy/carbon balance Wood Societal distribution Advantages/disadvantages

21. Air Pollution Pascal’s and Archemedes’ principles What is pollution (sources, types, regulations) Effects of CO, SO x, NO x, VOC, TSP, O 3 Interactions between various types (SMOG) Acid rain (sources, consequences) Emission controls: –Precipitators/collectors vs. scrubbers for power plants –PCV, EGR valves, catalytic converters etc. for cars Profiles for various sources (power plants vs. cars, coal vs. natural gas etc.) and societies.

22. Climate Change What is the greenhouse effect? What are some common green house gases? Where is the carbon and how much gets exchanged per year? Why do we not have a definitive answer about how hot we will get? Behaviour of complex systems (tipping points etc.)