1. THE UNSUSTAINABLE PATH OF BROCKTON’S WATER SUPPLY PAUL UMANO

2. ROLE OF PRINCETON HYDRO For-profit organization- mission is to provide ecological consulting services and offer expertise in aquatic engineering. Develop and design appropriate, sustainable solutions. July 2013 report on the Brockton Water Supply System (BWS) on behalf of the town of Halifax. Larger effort of MA Sustainable Water Management Initiative. Mirrored a study conducted by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) on health of our nations streams.

3. LEGISLATIVE ACT IN 1899

4. IMPLICATIONS: POLLUTANT LOAD ANALYSIS (PLA) Water contributes to the vitality of human health; a raw material necessary for agriculture; part of a larger ecosystem that benefits humans. Commons Approach. Pollutant Load Analysis assessed: Effect of land development/ land use on watersheds Nutrient pollution contained in the water Phosphorous (P) primarily responsible for adverse water quality- increases algae in water. Algae growth produces liver and kidney failure in fish. Adverse effects on drinking water- Trihalomethane Oxygen depletion to aquatic life.

5. PLA: TROPHIC STATE MODELING Measurement of biological growth of algae and plants that form the base of an ecosystem. Analyses phosphorous in watersheds of Silver Lake, Monponsett Pond, and Furnace Pond. To ensure accuracy Princeton Hydro used the average of three models that calculate both hydrology (follow of water) and pollutants. Vollenweider (1975) Larson and Mercier (1975) Jones and Bachman (1976) Kirchner and Dillion (1975)

6. TIME ONE

7. TIME TWO

8. Party A (Producer) Party B (Consumer) Party C (third-party) City of Brockton Water Supply (BWS) -provides water to city residents City residents No cost Cost NEGATIVE EXTERNALITIES

9. MG of water Price (to maintain water supply) C A Social Marginal Cost, SMC= PMC + MD Supply= Private Marginal Cost, PMC Demand=PMB = SMB $1.4 billion dollars = Marginal Damage Q2Q2 Q1Q1 P1P1 B Overproduction Deadweight loss P2P2

10. REFERENCES