1. Recreational Drugs Use Misuse Abuse and Dependence

2. Too Many to Talk About Focus on: –Marijuana –Cocaine –Hallucinogens – Ecstasy, LSD, Mushrooms –Heroin

4. Prevalence DrugPast YearLast 30 Days Marijuana46.2%15.7% Cocaine3.6%1.2% Amphetamines3.6%1.5% Heroin.34%.10% LSD3.7%.95% MDMA4.7% - 24% 47% reported have used marijuana at least once

5. Marijuana –Effects & Consequences Sedation, Euphoria, Increase Appetite, Mild Perceptual Disturbance, Anxiety/Panic Dependence –Physiological = No –Tolerance = No –Withdrawal = Equivocal –Abused = Yes Health Hazards – Injury, Exacerbates Psychosis, Respiratory/Cancer?????? Medical Uses – Cancer Tx., AIDS, MS

6. Cocaine – Effects & Consequences Euphoria, Grandiosity, Energy, Stimulation, Increased Craving Dependence –Physiological = Yes ---Moderate –Tolerance = Yes and No –Withdrawal = Non-lethal Depression Fatigue –Abused = Yes, easily Health Hazards – Injury, Exacerbates Psychosis, Cardio problems Medical Uses – Local anesthetic

7. Hallucinogens – Effects and Consequences Altered perception and mood, stimulation Dependence –Physiological = No –Tolerance = No –Withdrawal = No, but coming down can suck –Abused = Yes, but difficult Health Hazards – Injury, Exacerbates Psychosis, Stroke Medical Uses – Parkinsons????

8. Heroin – Effects and Consequences Dependence –Physiological = Yes, severe –Tolerance = Yes, rapid –Withdrawal = Yes, not lethal, but difficult –Abused = Yes, easily Health Hazards – Injury, Medical Uses – Pain killer, but there are much safer ones

9. Use Misuse Abuse Dependence The line between these relationships can be quite blurry Marijuana Cocaine Hallucinogens Heroin

10. Gateway Theory of Drug Use What are the “Gateway Drugs?” –Alcohol & Cigarettes –Marijuana Difficult to tell if there are really GDs –Retrospective Studies –1 in 1000 marjiuana users go on to use heroin –Host Factors – Genetics Psychopathology –Environment Factors – Access, Norms, Policy

11. In Sum Everyone has a relationship w/ETOH & Drugs That relationship can be non-use use misuse abuse or dependence The line can be difficult if not impossible for some drugs because of the DRUG The line can be difficult if not impossible for some drugs because of the PERSON