2. Photosynthesis Strategy for survival to obtain energy to do work used by plants, protists, and some bacteria! Def: process of obtaining energy from the sun to convert carbon dioxide & water into sugar

3. PHOTOSYNTHESIS What do you need for Photosynthesis?

4. What do you need for PHOTOSYNTHESIS? Pigment The sun Water from the soil Carbon dioxide from the air

5. Carbon Dioxide How does gases enter and leave a plant? Stoma or Stomate or Stomata

6. Sun = Source of Light Consists of Waves Length of Wave determines light color. Light absorbing substances are called pigments.

7. Types of Pigments Chlorophyll a & b (look green) –Absorb violet/blue light & orange/red light but not green light! –The color we observe is the color that is not absorbed by the pigment but reflected and that is why we see it!

8. More on Pigments! Carotenoids (look orange or red) –Absorb light not able to be captured by chlorophyll –Help the plant to capture more light. –Accessory Pigment Pigments are considered enzymes in photosynthesis because they are not changed, are reusable, and help the reaction to occur! (Usually are not shown in the photosynthetic equation or they are placed over the arrow!)

9. Pigments are contained in the Chloroplasts! Plant Cell Cell wall nucleus Cell membrane vacuole Chloroplasts!!

10. Chloroplast Structure –Thylakoids: flattened sacs that contain pigment –Grana: stacks of thylakoids –Stroma: fluid filled space around grana & thylakoids

11. PHOTOSYNTHESIS What does photosynthesis make?

12. PHOTOSYNTHESIS Oxygen (waste) Food for plant (sugar)

13. PHOTOSYNTHESIS Oxygen (waste) Food for plant (sugar) The sun Carbon dioxide from the air Water from the soil

14. PHOTOSYNTHESIS: Equation Water+ Carbon dioxide Sugar +Oxygen Pigment 6 H 2 O + 6 CO 2  C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6O 2

15. Photosynthesis Stages Light Reactions Step 1 (occurs first) Location – Thylakoid of Chloroplast Absorbs & Converts visible light into chemical energy that then powers the Calvin Cycle Calvin Cycle Step 2 (occurs second) Aka –Dark Reactions –Light Independent Reactions Location – Stroma of Chloroplast Uses the energy from the light reactions to convert CO2 into sugar