1. Monera
Chapter 8 Notes
Section 8.1

2. What is a Moneran? General Characteristics: _______________
Unicellular
Cell Membrane and ______ _______
Strand of _____________ material and ribosomes
Prokaryote
Cell wall
Heredity (DNA)

3. Two Groups of Monerans Heterotrophic:
Bacteria which breaks down or _____________ living or dead things for _______.
_________ nutrients back into the world.
decomposes
energy
Recycle

4. Two Groups of Monerans Autotrophic Bacteria which ______ their food
make

5. Heterotrophic Bacteria
Eubacteria
_____________ live everywhere
Archaebacteria live only in ________ conditions.
Believed to be the first living organisms on earth
harsh

6. Aerobe Bacteria vs. Anaerobe Bacteria
Aerobes: organisms that use _________ for respiration
_______________: organisms which do not use oxygen to live and may die in the presence of oxygen.
Example: archeabacteria
oxygen
Anaerobes

7. Autotrophic Bacteria-Cyanobacteria
Facts:
Live in _________
_______________
Called ______ ________ algea because of the blue pigment found in the cell
Cells grow in chains called ____________
_________-dangerous amounts of this growing in a pond or lake
water
autotrophic
blue green
filaments
Bloom

8. Why do you think scientists at one time classified cyanobacteria in the Plant Kingdom?
Cyanobacteria have 2 characteristics
which are found in the Plant Kingdom
Both cyanobacteria and Plants
have a cell wall and are autotrophic

9. Monerans in Your Life
Chapter 8 Notes
Section 8.2

10. What are Monerans used for?
Medicines, enzymes, fertilizers, making certain types of _________, and cleaning up oil spills
cheeses

11. Uses of Monerans Saprophyte-another word for __________ decomposer
Nitrogen-fixing bacteria
Live on the roots of peanuts, peas, and other ___________
Changes _____________ from the air to a useful form for plants and animals
Beneficial for both the __________ and the ________
decomposer
legumes
Nitrogen
bacteria
plant

12. Why do farmers rotate their crops?
Crops like beans, peas, and peanuts that have
Bacteria that are nitrogen fixing help to
Increase soil fertility

13. Harmful Monerans anything
Pathogens-another name for monerans which causes a ________
Examples: tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough, and anthrax
All are ____________.
Endospores-thick-walled structure developed to resist high ______ or drying out
disease
heterotrophic
heat

14. Lime Disease
E coli

15. Toxins- ________ produced by bacteria
Endotoxins-found ________ the walls of bacteria.
Causes fever, weakness, and damages the circulatory system
Example: Typhoid Fever
Exotoxins-produced by bacteria and released into the _____.
Affects the nervous system
Example: diphtheria and botulism
poisons
inside
host

16. Antibodies and Vaccines
____________ are medicines that either stop the reproduction of bacteria or damage the cell wall
__________ damages particles that cause the body to produce in an immune response
Pasteurization-invented by _______ ___________
A process which keeps food free from ________ ____________.
Antibodies
Vaccine
Louis
Pasteur
harmful
bacteria