1. What is progress?  The next period in history is called the “progressive era”, what does that tell you?

2. Progressive Era  1890-1918/1880-1910  An effort to reform the ills/problems in society  Most of the “ills” were created in some way by industrialization and urbanization

3. What are the problems of the nineteenth century?

4. Issues that need to be fixed  Issues of the cities/ poverty (accompanying problems): Prostitution Prostitution Alcohol abuse Alcohol abuse Gambling Gambling Bad sanitation & general dirtiness! Bad sanitation & general dirtiness!  Child labor  Poor working conditions & wages  Corruption in private businesses Monopolies taking over industries Monopolies taking over industries  Corruption in government

5. Main Progressive Goals/How to reform the “ills”  Eliminate the issues associated with poverty/make society more moral  End corruption in government by giving the people more power  Give economic opportunities to all Americans, not just monopolies Less laissez faire Less laissez faire  Make businesses and society more efficient****

6. How does the movement begin?  Religious groups come together to push for change Social Gospel Social Gospel  Journalists expose social and economic ills Muckrakers Muckrakers  Newly educated women promote causes  In some cases, politicians acted…

7. How the Movement Progressed  Local organizations based in cities then… Salvation Army Salvation Army  Local government then…  State reforms then… The Presidencies of:  Theodore Roosevelt (1901-1909)  William Taft (1909-1912)  Woodrow Wilson (1912-1920)***

8. Three Most Important Points 1. The government needs to play a greater role to help people 2. Not a single movement, lots of different movements 3. Some of the movements contradicted each other

9.  Do you think the movement will be successful?  Any obstacles…?

10. Start with religious organizations

11. Muckrakers

12. Exposing the Issues  Muckrakers Investigative journalists who exposed the ills of America Investigative journalists who exposed the ills of America newspapers, magazines, novels, photographs newspapers, magazines, novels, photographs Jacob Riis, Upton Sinclair, Lincoln Steffens, Ida Tarbell, Frank Norris, and Thomas Nast Jacob Riis, Upton Sinclair, Lincoln Steffens, Ida Tarbell, Frank Norris, and Thomas Nast  McClure’s Magazine, created by Irish immigrant Samuel McClure in 1893 Published articles, images, excerpts of novels written by muckrakers Published articles, images, excerpts of novels written by muckrakers 10-15 cents each 10-15 cents each Collier’s, Cosmopolitan – other publications Collier’s, Cosmopolitan – other publications

13. Who dominates the movement?  Middle class movement a lot of women a lot of women urban urban white collar white collar Protestant Protestant  Professions: lawyers, teachers, physicians, ministers and business people

15. “The great ends of the church are the proclamation of the gospel for the salvation of humankind; the shelter, nurture, and spiritual fellowship of the children of God; the maintenance of divine worship; the preservation of truth; the promotion of social righteousness; and the exhibition of the Kingdom of Heaven to the world.” -What does this mean?

16. "St. Louis, the fourth city in size in the United States, is making two announcements to the world: one that it is the worst-governed city in the land; the other that it wishes all men to come there (for the World’s Fair) and see it. It isn’t our worst-governed city; Philadelphia is that. But St. Louis is worth examining while we have it inside out."

17. Duration of the Movement  1890-1910?  1880-1918?  1890-1918?  Why is it hard to put a date on it?

18. Can you foresee any problems…?  Lots of different goals  Are they achievable?

19. Success of the Movement  You be the judge….