1. Organizational Design, Diagnosis, and Development
Session 10
The Organizational Change Process

2. Objectives Delineate why it is important for organizations to change
Explain the forces that motivate organizational change
Explain the factors that make individuals resistant to change and who organizations can overcome resistance.
Describe the basic change process and issues that require attention when undergoing change

3. The Need for Change in Organizations
Change as a survival tactic -- if the organization does not keep pace the changing technology, consumer demands, and effective business processes, they will lose their competitive edge.

4. The Learning Organization
Organizations that acquiring and applying knowledge to help cope with and adapt to change.
Knowledge acquisition
Information distribution
Information interpretation
Organizational memorization

5. Planned Change Changes in products or services
Changes in size or structure
Changes in administrative structures
Changes in technology

6. Unplanned Change Government regulation Economic competition
Performance Gaps

7. Areas of Organizational Change
Goals and strategies
Technology
Job design
Structure
Processes
People

8. Individual Barriers to Change
Economic fears
Fear of the unknown
Fear of social disruptions
Effort
Fear of loss of power and autonomy
Commitment to the old position

9. Organizational Barriers to Change
Structural inertia
Work group norms
Threat to existing balance of power
History of change efforts gone wrong
Boards of Directors

10. Overcoming Resistance to Change
Informing about pressures for change
Pointing out discrepancies between current state and desired one
Convey positive expectations for change

11. The Lewinian Model Unfreezing (Facing the Problem) Moving
(Creating a New
State)
Status Quo
Refreezing
(Maintaining the
Change
New State

12. Action Research Model Problem Identification Feedback Action Data
Gathering
After Action
Consultation
Joint Diagnosis
Data Gathering
Joint Action
Planning

13. Contemporary Action Model
Choose Positive Subjects
Develop a Vision
Develop Action Plans
Choose Positive Stories
Evaluate
Examine Data and Develop Possible Plans

14. Techniques for Encouraging Change
Create the vision
Get a foot in the door
Understand the politics of the situation
Get the resisters to participate
Educate

15. Backwards & Forwards
Summing up - We considered the importance of change and environmental forces that push for change. The change process, the forces that resist change and ways to overcome resistance to change were reviewed.
Looking ahead - Next time we explore the process of planned change in the organization: organizational development