1. The Need for Change in Organizations Change as a survival tactic -- if the organization does not keep pace the changing technology, consumer demands, and effective business processes, they will lose their competitive edge.

2. The Learning Organization Organizations that acquiring and applying knowledge to help cope with and adapt to change. Knowledge acquisition Information distribution Information interpretation Organizational memorization

3. Planned Change Changes in products or services Changes in size or structure Changes in administrative structures Changes in technology

4. Unplanned Change Government regulation Economic competition Performance Gaps

5. Areas of Organizational Change Goals and strategies Technology Job design Structure Processes People

6. The Change Process Unfreezing (Facing the Problem) Moving (Creating a New State) Refreezing (Maintaining the Change Status Quo New State

7. Individual Barriers to Change Economic fears Fear of the unknown Fear of social disruptions Effort Fear of loss of power and autonomy Commitment to the old position

8. Organizational Barriers to Change Structural inertia Work group norms Threat to existing balance of power History of change efforts gone wrong Boards of Directors

9. Overcoming Resistance to Change Informing about pressures for change Pointing out discrepancies between current state and desired one Convey positive expectations for change

10. Backwards & Forwards Summing up - We considered the importance of change and environmental forces that push for change. The change process, the forces that resist change and ways to overcome resistance to change were reviewed. Looking ahead - Next time we explore the process of planned change in the organization: organizational development