1. Section 5 Alexander the Great Hellenistic Period
Chapter 4
Section 5
Alexander the Great
Hellenistic Period

2. Phillip II 359 B.C. Phillip II becomes king of Macedonia
Admired Greek Culture
Defeated the Greek city-states
Unification of Greece 338 B.C.
Phillip II is assassinated at his daughters wedding in 336 B.C.

3. Alexander the Great
20 years old at the death of his father and becomes King of Macedonia and Greece
Alexander invades Asia / Persia 334 B.C.
Invasion lasts for 8 years and covers 20,000 miles
37,000 men and as many support people
His empire now stretched from Greece to India
Built the City of Alexandria as the Greek capital of Egypt
Tutor was/aristotle-taught all science,geography, literature, and stories of HEROIC DEEDS
Also trained in the art of war/ ride a horse use weapons, weapons, command troops, lead troops campaign
War with Persians/Alexander won/ 1/3 of their empire and daughters hand in marriage
Eventually takes over enitre persians empire vitc at gaugamela
Alexander decides t go into asia also
Only ruled for 12 years 8 months, built many roads and great cities

4. End of the Empire Death at Early Age Power Struggle
Alexander’s empire largest world had ever seen
Did not rule very long
323 BC, Alexander fell ill while in Babylon
Died a few days later at age 33
Alexander died without naming heir
Death at Early Age
Generals fought each other for power
In the end, the empire was divided among three most powerful generals
Called themselves kings
Antigonus became king of Macedonia and Greece
Seleucus ruled Persian Empire
Ptolemy ruled Egypt
Power Struggle

6. Alexander the Great Defeated - the Persian Darius II
Controlled all of the Persian Empire

7. Hellenistic Period
Alexander’s legacy – Alexander and his successors spread Greek language, art, literature, and architecture throughout Western Asia and North Africa
Considerable increase in the knowledge of art, philosophy, math and the sciences
Alexandria became the center of knowledge and a had large library of 500,000 scrolls
Athens remained the center of Greek theatre

8. Hellenism - Hellenistic
Advances in Science
Euclid wrote the “Elements” a text on plane geometry
Archimedes worked on the geometry of spheres and cylinders and developed the constant “pi”
also devised the Archimedes screw

9. Hellenistic Achievements and Beliefs
Astronomy/Geography Eratosthenes – astronomer theorized the earth was round and calculated the circumference to be 24,675 miles (within 185 miles of the actual)
Mathematics/Physics
Value of Pi, steam engine, levers
Art of Sculptures
Colossus of Rhodes
Great societies have great achievements/ sun 300 times as large as earth estimate/ it is even bigger than that
Idea that sun is the center of solar system and we orbit around it
Most didn’t believe said that the earth was the center of the universe.
4. Computed the earths circumference miles
MATHMATICS/PHYSICS- VALUE OF PI ratio of the circumference to a circle to its diameter
a. idea of levers to move very large things we use all the time today
“Give me a place to stand and I can move the earth”
Advances: force pump, pneumatic machines, steam engine
Didn’t use because had many slaves no need for these crazy idea
SCULPTURE
a. Colossus of rhodes- could have also served as a lighthouse, a 105 foot bronze statue/ shows imporvement of buidling also, earthquake ruined it,

10. Colossus of Rhodes One of the Seven Wonders of the World
On the island of Rhodes

11. Philosophy What is Stoicism and What did they believe? Answer:
A school of thought (philosophy) developed by the teacher Zeno in Hellenistic Athens.
It says that happiness can be achieved only when people gain inner peace by living in harmony with the will of God
That people should bear whatever life offers
The real “stoic” is a perfect citizen