1. Socially Sustainable Development, May 2002 Responsive, Reliable, Resilient Social Aspects of Sustainable Development Steen Lau Jørgensen Social Development Department World Bank

2. Socially Sustainable Development, May 2002 Outline  Concepts and Definitions  Social Aspects of Sustainable Development  Strategic Directions for Social Development

3. Socially Sustainable Development, May 2002 Concepts and Definitions  Social development means development of society  The goal of social development is a society that enables people, especially poor people, to take actions to help themselves  The social dimensions of development --  Empowerment  Inclusion  Security -- Help make societies more equitable, efficient and sustainable

4. Socially Sustainable Development, May 2002 Social Dimensions of Development  Empowerment is the enhancement of assets and capabilities of diverse individuals and groups so that they can engage, influence and hold accountable the institutions that affect their well being.  Social inclusion is the removal of institutional barriers and the enhancement of incentives to increase access of diverse populations to assets and development opportunities.  Security is the lowering of vulnerability through reducing risk, improving response to a shock and mitigating harm for better outcomes.

5. Socially Sustainable Development, May 2002 What Has This Got to Do With Governance? Civil Society Government Communities Private Sector Governance Inclusion

6. Socially Sustainable Development, May 2002 Why is attention to social dimensions important? Economic Dimensions Social Dimensions Two sides of the poverty reduction coin

7. Socially Sustainable Development, May 2002 Social Development Completes a Virtuous Circle of Equity and Efficiency… … that leads to sustainable poverty reduction Economic Dimensions Social Dimensions Empowerment + Inclusion + Security Participation + Inclusion Investment Climate + Growth Pro-poor Growth Efficiency Equity

8. Socially Sustainable Development, May 2002 And makes development more sustainable Responsive to poor peoples’ needs and aspirations, and the development context Reliable in efficiently delivering what it promises building social capital Resilient to shocks, providing lasting benefits Economic Dimensions Social Dimensions

9. Socially Sustainable Development, May 2002 Outline  Concepts and Definitions  Social Aspects of Sustainable Development  Strategic Directions for Social Development

10. Socially Sustainable Development, May 2002 Responsive  Development that reflects people’s needs and aspirations – especially of poor and marginalized people  Actions: Community-driven development Participation and civic engagement: voices and choices Institutions that promote empowerment, security and inclusion Social analysis

11. Socially Sustainable Development, May 2002 Reliable  Development that delivers the goods and meets the aspirations of people  Actions: Community-driven development Social accountability Social analysis

12. Socially Sustainable Development, May 2002 Resilient  Development that withstands shocks and negative trends  Actions: Social risk analysis and mitigation Conflict management

13. Socially Sustainable Development, May 2002 Integrating Social Aspects With Rest of Sustainability Debate Why?  Objective is sustainable livelihood  This requires addressing environmental and social interventions (social capital, inclusion, empowerment, security)

14. Socially Sustainable Development, May 2002 Sustainable improvements in livelihoods Institutions: FAMILY COMMUNITY GOVERNMENT MARKETS H F P N S Assets and Institutions for Sustainability Empowerment Inclusion

15. Socially Sustainable Development, May 2002 Integrating Social Aspects With Rest of Sustainability Debate How ? (1)  “Sugar on the spoon” approach: Change processes to respond to social sustainability agenda just enough to make the “environmental medicine” go down Consult key stakeholders, get experts to analyze potential social risks

16. Socially Sustainable Development, May 2002 Integrating Social Aspects With Rest of Sustainability Debate How ? (2)  “Build my house of brick” approach: Build environmental programs to withstand winds of change by building social sustainability measures into environmental programs From consultation to participation, social accountability, participatory monitoring and evaluation, community voice and choice

17. Socially Sustainable Development, May 2002 Integrating Social Aspects with Rest of Sustainability Debate How ? (3)  ”Living Happily Ever After?” approach: Develop policies that fully integrate the economic, environmental and social aspects -- analyze trade-offs, weigh options, ensure transparency and accountability Build programs that integrate fully social and environmental concerns to get better livelihoods Support partnerships between gov’t, private sector, and civil society (including community groups)

18. Socially Sustainable Development, May 2002 Challenges of Integrating Social Aspects With Rest of Sustainability Debate  Conceptual and analytical barriers  Lack of common understanding of the meaning of “social”  Insufficient articulation of “social sustainability” in policy-making at the global level (e.g., MDGs)  Implementation issues  Better coordination among policy-makers to bridge environment and social issues  “Do no harm” chilling effect – e.g., Rural development

19. Socially Sustainable Development, May 2002 Outline  Concepts and Definitions  Social Aspects of Sustainable Development  Strategic Directions for Social Development

20. Socially Sustainable Development, May 2002 Social Dimensions of Development  Empowerment is the enhancement of assets and capabilities of diverse individuals and groups so that they can engage, influence and hold accountable the institutions that affect their well being.  Social inclusion is the removal of institutional barriers and the enhancement of incentives to increase access of diverse populations to assets and development opportunities.  Security is the lowering of vulnerability through reducing risk, improving response to a shock and mitigating harm for better outcomes.

21. Socially Sustainable Development, May 2002 Ongoing Areas of Work by WB Social Development Group  Social Analysis - inclusion  Civic engagement and participation – empowerment and inclusion  Community-driven development - empowerment  Conflict prevention and reconstruction- security  Social safeguards - security  Indigenous peoples,  Resettlement

22. Socially Sustainable Development, May 2002 What have we done and how well? Advocacy Policy Operations Conflict Prevention and Reconstruction Civic Engagement Social Analysis CDD Gender Safeguards

23. Socially Sustainable Development, May 2002 Successes  Social safeguards successfully implemented  Participation and civic engagement mainstreamed at project level  Social assessments in half of all operations  Community-driven development 10-15% of WB lending  Poverty and social impact assessments, participation and civic engagement all accepted in principle at policy/program level

24. Socially Sustainable Development, May 2002 Social Development Strategic Directions Overview  Directions for advocacy (not here)  Directions for strategies, policies and policy- based lending  Directions for projects and programs  Directions for research and knowledge (not here)

25. Socially Sustainable Development, May 2002 In Strategies and Policies  Building principles of CDD into appropriate strategies  Promoting devolution of decision making  Promoting access to information (and we should walk the talk)  Improving governance at the project and policy level through participatory m&e and social accountability measures  Promoting legal and judicial reform for non-violent solutions  Including conflict resolution in CDD  Helping to adjust reforms to minimize/manage social risk

26. Socially Sustainable Development, May 2002 In Projects and Programs: Social Dimensions as Ends in Themselves  Either new forms of projects or adjust existing types of projects and programs with social development core objectives Develop portfolio to promote empowerment, inclusion, security Promote local governance aspects in infrastructure, natural resource management and human development Include measures to improve social accountability and transparency in public sector management projects

27. Socially Sustainable Development, May 2002 In Projects and Programs: Social Development As Means to Other Objectives  Changing the project preparation and implementation processes: Consider both formal institutions and informal behaviors and norms in project design and implementation Include participation and civic engagement throughout project cycle Base design on social analysis Build community capacity in a learning by doing mode Facilitating country leadership on safeguards agenda

28. Socially Sustainable Development, May 2002 Next Steps External and internal consultations on strategic directions (ongoing) Regional strategies (ongoing) Conceptual framework, background, stocktaking papers (underway) Inclusion of issues into WSSD process (prep com NY, WSSD led by DFID) Drafting of strategy (ongoing)  First draft of strategy to WB board (early 2003)  Strategy with business plan to WB board (early 2004)