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3. Splash Screen

4. Chapter Introduction Section 1The Land Section 2Climate and Vegetation Chapter Summary & Study Guide Chapter Assessment Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slides. Contents

5. Intro 1

6. Intro 2 Describe the diverse landforms and natural resources of Australia, Oceania, and Antarctica.  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Chapter Objectives Discuss the wide range of climates and vegetation throughout the region.

7. Intro 3 As you read this chapter, imagine that you are visiting interesting and beautiful locations in Australia, Oceania, and Antarctica. Write journal entries, using vivid details to explain why these places are appealing.

8. End of Intro

9. Section 1-1 The Land Describe how mountains, plateaus, and lowlands differ in Australia and New Zealand  Objectives Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Explain how volcanoes and continental shelves formed the islands of Oceania  Discuss why the physical geography of Antarctica attracts scientists

10. Section 1-2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Terms to Know artesian well  coral  atoll  krill  lagoon The Land

11. Section 1-3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Australia  Places to Locate Great Dividing Range  Nullarbor Plain  Murray River  Darling River  Oceania  Melanesia  The Land Micronesia  Polynesia  New Zealand  North Island  South Island  Antarctica

12. Section 1-4 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

13. Section 1-5 Rock climbing and mountain climbing are popular sports in Australia, even though most of the landscape is flat. The Great Dividing Range and the craggy island of Tasmania, among other places, provide many climbing opportunities. Even the city of Sydney boasts a rock climbing club and over 140 crags in its immediate area, ranging from breathtaking ocean cliffs to crags tucked into the suburbs. Within a two-hour drive of the city are more spectacular world-class climbing locations such as the Blue Mountains, Nowra, and Point Perpendicular.

14. Section 1-6 Australia: A Continent and a Country Australia is the only country in the world that covers an entire continent. Surrounded by water, Australia is really an island, but it is called a continent because of its tremendous size.  (pages 793–796) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Mountains and Plateaus The Great Dividing Range is a chain of hills and mountains along the eastern coast of Australia’s otherwise flat landscape.

15. Section 1-7 Australia: A Continent and a Country (cont.) (pages 793–796) The Western Plateau, or outback, covers almost two-thirds of the continent.  This area includes three deserts.  South of the deserts lies the barren Nullarbor (“no tree”) Plain, which ends in cliffs overlooking the Indian Ocean. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

16. Section 1-8 (pages 793–796) Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again. Australia: A Continent and a Country (cont.)

17. Section 1-9 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Central Lowlands This expanse of grassland and desert separates the Great Dividing Range from the Western Plateau.  Infrequent rains are heavy and fill the area’s usually dry lakes and rivers.  Below the surface lies the Great Artesian Basin, a source of underground water that ranchers use for livestock. (pages 793–796) Australia: A Continent and a Country (cont.)

18. Section 1-10 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Great Barrier Reef Lying off the eastern coast of Australia, this string of about 2,500 coral reefs has been designated a national park and World Heritage Site.  (pages 793–796) The Great Barrier Reef provides a home for many species of tropical fish and sea creatures. Australia: A Continent and a Country (cont.)

19. Section 1-11 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 793–796) Natural Resources Only 10 percent of Australian land is arable, but farmers use their resources efficiently.  The country’s major agricultural crops are wheat, barley, fruit, and sugarcane.  Arid areas are home to a livestock- ranching industry. Australia: A Continent and a Country (cont.)

20. Section 1-12 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 793–796) Mineral resources include bauxite, coal, iron ore, lead, zinc, gold, nickel, and petroleum.  Australia is also a major producer of opals. Australia: A Continent and a Country (cont.)

21. Section 1-13 What do these geographical facts suggest to you about where most Australians live? (pages 793–796) Australia: A Continent and a Country (cont.) Possible answers: Since such a small percentage of the land is arable, the population is probably largely urban. The huge expanses of desert and barren plains would not be home to many people. Probably a fair number of people live and work on farms and ranches in the interior, but the population density there is likely to be low. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

22. Section 1-14 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Island Clusters The three main island clusters are Melanesia to the north and east of Australia; Micronesia to the north of Melanesia; and Polynesia, extending from Midway Island to New Zealand. (pages 796–797) Oceania: Island Lands Oceania is a group of thousands of islands, some separated by great distances, that were formed by colliding tectonic plates millions of years ago. 

23. Section 1-15 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 796–797) Island Types High islands such as Fiji and Tahiti feature volcanic mountains, some still active, and coastal plains.  Low islands such as the Marshall Islands are atolls–each a ring of land around a lagoon, the result of the buildup of coral reefs on a submerged volcano.  Continental islands include Papua New Guinea and New Caledonia. Oceania: Island Lands (cont.)

24. Section 1-16 (pages 796–797) They feature rugged interior mountains and plains, swamps, and rivers along coastal areas. Oceania: Island Lands (cont.)

25. Section 1-17 (pages 796–797) Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again. Oceania: Island Lands (cont.)

26. Section 1-18 Which type of island do you think is the least populated? Why? The low islands or atolls are the least populated, because they are made of coral rather than soil. People wouldn’t be able to farm, and there is probably little vegetation. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. (pages 796–797) Oceania: Island Lands (cont.)

27. Section 1-19 New Zealand: A Rugged Landscape (pages 797–798) New Zealand’s two largest islands are called North Island and South Island.  Both islands feature mountains, fertile soil, sparkling lakes, and scenic coastlines.  North Island includes hot springs and active volcanoes.  South Island features the Southern Alps and the fertile Canterbury Plains. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

28. Section 1-20 (pages 797–798) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. New Zealand: A Rugged Landscape (cont.) About 55 percent of New Zealand’s land supports crops and livestock.  The country’s sheep and wool products dominate exports, and its forests yield valuable timber.  Most power is hydroelectric or geothermal (from water heated underground by volcanoes).  Several varieties of fish populate the coastal waters.

29. Section 1-21 (pages 797–798) New Zealand: A Rugged Landscape (cont.) Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

30. Section 1-22 (pages 797–798) New Zealand: A Rugged Landscape (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Would New Zealand’s environment be different if New Zealanders used nuclear power plants or coal-burning power plants? The islands of New Zealand are not large; the ecology of the islands would probably be damaged.

31. Section 1-23 Antarctica: A White Plateau (page 798) Antarctica is twice the size of Australia.  About 98 percent of Antarctica is covered by a massive ice cap that holds 70 percent of the world’s freshwater.  Activity on Antarctica is limited to scientific research.  Fishing boats sail coastal waters to harvest krill, a plentiful and protein-rich sea creature that may help alleviate world hunger. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

32. Section 1-24 Why do you think the countries of the world have agreed not to permit mining and exploitation of Antarctica’s natural resources? Disturbing the unpolluted environment could put at risk the valuable scientific research being done there. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. (page 798) Antarctica: A White Plateau (cont.)

33. Section 1-25 Checking for Understanding __ 1.shallow pool of water at the center of an atoll __ 2.tiny shrimplike sea animals that live in cold Antarctic oceans __ 3.ring shaped island formed by coral building up along the rim of an underwater volcano __ 4.Wells from which pressurized water flows to the surface __ 5.The limestone skeletons of a tiny sea animal A.artesian well B.coral C.atoll D.lagoon E.krill Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. C A B D Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. E

34. Section 1-26 Critical Thinking Predicting Consequences What group of people would be most affected if Australia’s artesian wells dried up? Why? Ranchers would be most affected if the artesian wells dried up because they use the salty water to from the wells to water livestock. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

35. Section 1-27 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking Comparing and Contrasting Identify similarities and differences between New Zealand’s two main islands and a high island such as Tahiti. Possible answer: Similarities between New Zealand’s two main islands and a high island such as Tahiti could include the mountains, coastal plains, and active volcanoes. A difference is that New Zealand islands are larger and support more people.

36. Section 1-28 Critical Thinking Decision Making Of the three types of islands found in Oceania, which type would you choose for a home? Explain why.

37. Location Study the physical-political map below. To which island region does Papua New Guinea belong? Section 1-29 Analyzing Maps Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

38. Section 1-30 Analyzing Maps Papua New Guinea belongs to the island region of Melanesia.

39. Section 1-31 Applying Geography Effects of Location Consider the location of Oceania’s islands in relation to other parts of the world. Write a paragraph explaining how this location might affect the development of natural resources.

40. Section 1-32 Close Discuss ways in which the different lands in this region are alike and ways in which they are different. Aim to be as specific as possible.

41. End of Section 1

42. Section 2-1 Examine how variations in rainfall affect Australia’s climate and vegetation  Objectives Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Consider how elevation affects climate patterns in New Zealand  Identify what vegetation survives in the cold, dry Antarctic climate Climate and Vegetation

43. Section 2-2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Terms to Know wattle  Climate and Vegetation doldrums  typhoon  manuka  lichen  crevasse

44. Section 2-3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Papua New Guinea  Places to Locate Climate and Vegetation Antarctic Peninsula

45. Section 2-4 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

46. Section 2-5 Eucalyptus trees are impressive in size, growing as tall as 300 feet (90 m) in their natural habitat of Australia. Aborigines have used the oil from eucalyptus leaves as an antiseptic to prevent infections and reduce fevers. Europeans began harvesting eucalyptus trees in the 1850s. By the early 1900s, Australia monopolized world trade in eucalyptus oil, used as a medicine (inhalant, antiseptic), in industry (oils, solvents), and in flavorings and perfumes. Today Australia exports only about 5 to 10 percent of the oil on the world market; China dominates production because of its low labor costs.

47. Section 2-6 Australia The Western Plateau is scorched by the sun during the day, but temperatures are much colder after dark.  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. (pages 799–801) The area receives less than 10 inches (25 cm) of rain annually, and its sparse vegetation does not support grazing.  The steppe climate in the area around the desert features more rainfall, so there is more vegetation.

48. Section 2-7 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Australia (cont.) Annual rainfall during the wet season is between 10 and 20 inches (between 25 and 51 cm).  The area is ideal for grazing and can support some agriculture.  Coastal areas of Australia have moister climates.  These areas include most of the country’s farmland. (pages 799–801)

49. Section 2-8 Which geographical features account for Australia’s great interior desert? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Australia (cont.) Air masses block Pacific Ocean winds that would bring precipitation to the area. (pages 799–801)

50. Section 2-9 Oceania (page 802) Most of Oceania features a tropical rain forest climate.  Temperatures are always warm except on some high mountain peaks, where the snow never melts.  Seasons alternate between wet and dry.  High islands get a lot of rain; low islands get very little. Oceania is vulnerable to typhoons. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

51. Section 2-10 Why does snow remain on some mountaintops year-round? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Oceania (cont.) The higher the elevation, the colder the temperature. Some of the mountains are so high that the temperatures at their peaks are below freezing at all times. (page 802)

52. Section 2-11 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. New Zealand New Zealand has a marine west coast climate, with cool summers and mild winters.  (pages 802–803) North Island’s central plateau is warm and sunny in summer, but mountaintops may be covered with snow year-round.  New Zealand averages 25 to 60 inches (64 to 152 cm) of rain yearly, but South Island’s Southern Alps receive as much as 315 inches (800 cm) annually.

53. Section 2-12 Why are summers cool and winters mild in a marine west coast climate? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. New Zealand (cont.) Ocean winds warm the land in winter and cool it in summer. (pages 802–803)

54. Section 2-13 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again. New Zealand (cont.) (pages 802–803)

55. Section 2-14 Antarctica Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Antarctica is the world’s highest, driest, coldest, and windiest continent.  (pages 803) Temperatures may drop to –129ºF (–89ºC) in winter.  Snowfall varies from 2 to 24 inches (5 to 61 cm) annually.

56. Section 2-15 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Only the hardiest vegetation survives in Antarctica–mosses, algae, and lichens.  Antarctica (cont.) A small area on the Antarctic Peninsula, which is warmer than the rest of the continent, is home to Antarctica’s only two species of flowering plants.  Antarctica’s ice cap is frozen, but its weight causes it to move toward the coasts.  As it moves, the ice breaks into pieces. (pages 803)

57. Section 2-16 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Why is there so little precipitation in Antarctica? Antarctica (cont.) Air loses its moisture as it travels over Antarctica’s plateau. (pages 803)

58. Section 2-17 Checking for Understanding __ 1.huge, deep crack that forms in the thick ice or snow __ 2.small shrubs that grow in plateau regions of New Zealand __ 3.a frequently windless area near the Equator __ 4.sturdy small plants that grow like a crust on rocks or tree trunks __ 5.a violent tropical storm that forms in the Pacific Ocean, usually in late summer __ 6. a woven framework made from acacia saplings by early Australian settlers to build homes A.doldrums B.typhoon C.manuka D.wattle E.crevasse F.lichen Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. A F B C E Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. D

59. Section 2-18 Critical Thinking Making Inferences What type of climate does most of New Zealand have? Why might it appeal to settlers? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Possible answer: The marine west coast climate might appeal to settlers because of the cool summers and mild winters.

60. Section 2-19 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking Problem Solving What problems might researchers encounter in Antarctica, and how could these conditions be overcome? Possible answer: As you answer the question, include well-reasoned ideas for overcoming the remote location, harsh climate, and barren landscape.

61. Section 2-20 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Identifying Cause and Effect How do Pacific ocean currents and winds affect the climate of Oceania? How do they affect vegetation? Critical Thinking Possible answer: Pacific Ocean winds cool atolls and the windward sides of higher islands. Also, when larger, higher islands give off moisture-laden air, it mixes with cool ocean breezes and causes heavy rainfall. Rain forests thrive where heavy rains fall.

62. Section 2-21 Analyzing Maps Human-Environment Interaction Study the vegetation map on page 801 in your textbook. What type of vegetation is suitable for raising livestock, and where in Australia is it found? Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

63. Section 2-22 Analyzing Maps The grasslands circling the interior desert, and in the southeast are suitable for raising livestock.

64. Section 2-23 Applying Geography Understanding Climate Maps Note the climate regions on the map on page 800 of your textbook. Write a paragraph explaining how climate relates to the way farmers operate in New Zealand and Australia. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Dry climates in much of Australia make irrigation of crops or use of artesian water for watering livestock necessary. New Zealand’s marine west coast climate, with its mild temperatures and greater rainfall, is more suitable to agriculture.

65. Section 2-24 Close Think of one original question and answer that you would add to the Section 2 Assessment.

66. End of Section 2

67. Chapter Summary 1 Section 1: The Land (pages 793–798) Australia, both a country and a continent, encompasses mountains, central lowlands, and expansive deserts. Rich mineral deposits and productive farms and ranches contribute to the Australian economy.  Key Points Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Oceania’s thousands of islands extend across the southern Pacific Ocean. The islands of Oceania were formed either directly or indirectly by volcanic activity.

68. Chapter Summary 2 Section 1: The Land (pages 793–798) New Zealand’s main features are two large islands with mountain ranges, rivers, and lakes. The country boasts rich soil and timberland.  Key Points Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Antarctica is an ice-covered continent. While Antarctica may have important mineral resources, its key resource is the information it offers to scientists.

69. Chapter Summary 3 Section 2: Climate and Vegetation (pages 799–803) Australia generally has a hot, dry climate. Along the edges of the vast interior desert, the steppe receives sufficient rainfall for raising livestock. Only the coastal climates provide enough rainfall for growing crops without irrigation.  Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Key Points Oceania enjoys a warm, moist tropical climate. Most islands have wet and dry seasons. The amount of rain during the wet season determines whether shrubs and grasses or dense rain forests will grow.

70. Chapter Summary 4 Section 2: Climate and Vegetation (pages 799–803) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Key Points New Zealand’s marine west coast climate provides year-round rainfall, with temperatures that vary without being extreme.  Antarctica’s extremely cold and windy climate supports primarily lichens and mosses.

71. End of Chapter Summary

72. Chapter Assessment 1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Reviewing Key Terms __ 1.limestone skeleton of a tiny sea animal __ 2.windless area near the Equator __ 3.shrimplike animal __ 4.small, sturdy plant __ 5.well, from which pressurized water flows to the surface __ 6.huge crack in an ice cap __ 7.small shrub that grows in New Zealand A.artesian well B.atoll C.coral D.crevasse E.doldrums F.krill G.lagoon H.lichen I.manuka J.typhoon C A E Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. H D I Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. F

73. Chapter Assessment 2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Reviewing Key Terms __ 8.pool of water inside an atoll __ 9.violent Pacific Ocean storm __ 10.low, ring–shaped island G J Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Define Match each definition in the left column with the appropriate term in the right column. A.artesian well B.atoll C.coral D.crevasse E.doldrums F.krill G.lagoon H.lichen I.manuka J.typhoon B

74. Chapter Assessment 3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What formation lies just off Australia’s northeastern coast? Reviewing Facts Section 1: The Land The Great Barrier Reef is the formation that lies just off Australia’s northeastern coast.

75. Chapter Assessment 4 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Name the three types of islands that are found in Oceania. Reviewing Facts The three types of islands found in Oceania include high islands, low islands, and continental islands. Section 1: The Land

76. Chapter Assessment 5 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What is New Zealand’s main natural resource? Reviewing Facts New Zealand’s main natural resource is land. Section 1: The Land

77. Chapter Assessment 6 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. List the local resources that help to meet New Zealand’s energy needs. Reviewing Facts Rivers and dams produce hydroelectric power and underground water heated by volcanoes produces geothermal energy. Section 1: The Land

78. Chapter Assessment 7 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What climate supports most of Australia’s agricultural lands? Reviewing Facts Section 2: Climate and Vegetation A humid subtropical climate supports most of Australia’s agricultural lands.

79. Chapter Assessment 8 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Describe the factor that prevents temperature extremes in New Zealand. Reviewing Facts Ocean winds warm the land in the winter and cool it in the summer. Section 2: Climate and Vegetation

80. Chapter Assessment 9 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What causes the motion of the Antarctic ice cap? Reviewing Facts The weight of the ice cap causes the motion of the Antarctic ice cap. Section 2: Climate and Vegetation

81. Chapter Assessment 10 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking Making Inferences Based on the information in Section 1, would you infer that Australia does or does not have an even distribution of population across the continent? Australia does not have an even distribution of population because of its mountains and deserts, where few people settle.

82. Chapter Assessment 11 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Critical Thinking Comparing and Contrasting How are Oceania’s islands similar? Different? Oceania’s islands are similar because many were formed by volcanoes or many have active volcanoes. The islands are different in size, origin (i.e. from volcanoes or a rising ocean floor), and landforms (i.e. mountains, flat, or atolls).

83. Chapter Assessment 12 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Locating Places Match the letters on the map with the physical features of Australia and New Zealand. __1.Great Barrier Reef __2.Great Victoria Desert __3.Great Dividing Range __4.Tasmania __5.Cape York Peninsula __6.Great Australian Bight G F A D C E

84. Chapter Assessment 13 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers. Locating Places Match the letters on the map with the physical features of Australia and New Zealand. __7.Coral Sea __8.Lake Eyre __9.North Island __10.South Island J I H B

85. STP 1 Use the chart below to choose the best answer for each of the following multiple-choice questions. If you have trouble answering the questions, use the process of elimination to narrow your choices.

86. STP 2 1.If tourists were traveling to Australia in January and wanted to avoid both excessive heat and heavy rainfall, to which city should they travel? AMelbourne BBrisbane CDarwin DSydney Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Test-Taking Tip Read the chart and become familiar with the information it contains before you answer the questions. Do not, however, study the chart in depth. The quickest way to answer both question 1 and question 2 is to read through each answer choice and use the process of elimination to get rid of those that you think are wrong.

87. STP 3 2.What information in the chart shows that the Australian cities are in the Southern Hemisphere? FJuly’s temperatures are higher than January’s. GJanuary’s temperatures are higher than July’s. HThe cities have abundant rain. JThe cities have a dry season. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Test-Taking Tip Read the chart and become familiar with the information it contains before you answer the questions. Do not, however, study the chart in depth. The quickest way to answer both question 1 and question 2 is to read through each answer choice and use the process of elimination to get rid of those that you think are wrong.

88. Chapter Assessment 14 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Are rabbits native to New Zealand, or were they brought there by people? How do you know? Before people arrived, the only land mammals that could reach New Zealand were those that could fly. Therefore, rabbits had to be brought by people.

89. End of Chapter Assessment

90. Geography Online Explore online information about the topics introduced in this chapter. Click on the Connect button to launch your browser and go to the Glencoe World Geography Web site. At this site, you will find interactive activities, current events information, and Web sites correlated with the chapters and units in the textbook. When you finish exploring, exit the browser program to return to this presentation. If you experience difficulty connecting to the Web site, manually launch your Web browser and go to http://geography.glencoe.com

91. GeoFact 1 Antarctica Scientists Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.

92. GeoFact 1a Antarctica, the world’s coldest and highest place, has mountains, valleys, and lowlands under its ice cap.

93. GeoFact 1b Scientists use satellites to learn about Antarctica. For example, satellite data confirm that the weight of Antarctica’s ice flattens the earth at the South Pole. As a result, the earth is actually pear shaped rather than round.

94. GeoFact 2 Lake Eyre is Australia’s largest lake and the lowest point on the continent. It fills with water only every five to ten years. During wet periods, the lake becomes a habitat for creatures and birds for about two years before returning to its dry state.

95. Interdisciplinary Connection 1 HISTORY In 1820 a Russian sea captain was the first person to record seeing Antarctica, and in 1898 Belgian sailors were the first people to spend a winter along Antarctica’s coast. There is no daylight for months during an Antarctic winter. The ship’s log tells how the prolonged darkness affected the sailors. “One seaman had fits…Another went mad.”

96. SkillBuilder 1 Making Inferences You see a police car stopped behind another car by the roadside. The emergency lights are flashing on the police car. You infer, or conclude, that the driver was speeding based on the information you already have from similar circumstances. Making an inference means using information to draw a conclusion.

97. SkillBuilder 2 Learning the Skill Making Inferences When you hear about a country or an event in news reports or read about it in magazines and books, you may still have questions afterwards. Most sources do not contain all the information on a subject, but they may offer enough information for you to infer, or figure out, the answers to your questions.  Different sources present information in different forms. Statistical charts, for example, often compare information from which you might infer differences, similarities, or trends over time. The steps on the following slides will help you make inferences from a chart. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

98. SkillBuilder 3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Determine whether the chart provides detailed information about one topic, compares two or more topics, or shows changes over time. Some charts may give several different types of information.  Make a list of the information that is not given in the chart, or the questions that arise from it.  Infer answers to your questions. Make logical inferences based on the facts given. Learning the Skill Read the title and other labels to know what information the chart presents.  Making Inferences

99. SkillBuilder 4 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. It is a parliamentary democracy because it was under British rule. Making Inferences A tourist traveling to the Solomon Islands might use a chart to learn about the country. Answer the following questions by making inferences from the information in the chart on page 804 of your textbook. Practicing the Skill 1.Given the information in the chart on the first Practicing the Skill slide, is it more likely that the form of government in the Solomon Islands is a parliamentary democracy or a communist state? Explain.

100. SkillBuilder 5 2.What can you infer about the health of the people in the Solomon Islands? Explain. Their health is generally good since life expectancy is a relatively high 67 years. Making Inferences Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. A tourist traveling to the Solomon Islands might use a chart to learn about the country. Answer the following questions by making inferences from the information in the chart on page 804 of your textbook. Practicing the Skill

101. SkillBuilder 6 3. What can you infer about the animal life on the Solomon Islands? Explain. Animals would include species typical of a tropical rain forest environment. Making Inferences A tourist traveling to the Solomon Islands might use a chart to learn about the country. Answer the following questions by making inferences from the information in the chart on page 804 of your textbook. Practicing the Skill Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

102. SkillBuilder 7 4. What sorts of activities might a tourist enjoy in the Solomon Islands? Explain. Possible answers: Tourists visiting Solomon Islands might enjoy swimming, boating, fishing, or nature walks. Making Inferences A tourist traveling to the Solomon Islands might use a chart to learn about the country. Answer the following questions by making inferences from the information in the chart on page 804 of your textbook. Practicing the Skill Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

103. Maps and Charts Contents Maps Australia, Oceania, and Antarctica: Physical- Political Australia, Oceania, and Antarctica: Climate Regions Australia, Oceania, and Antarctica: Natural Vegetation Click on a hyperlink to view the corresponding slide.

104. Maps and Charts 1

105. Maps and Charts 2

106. Maps and Charts 3

107. Political Map Transparency

108. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

109. Daily Focus Skills Transparency 2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. July, August, and September are the three coldest months.

110. End of Custom Shows WARNING! Do Not Remove This slide is intentionally blank and is set to auto-advance to end custom shows and return to the main presentation.

111. End of Slide Show