1. Agriculture in India Amandeep Verma Lecturer in Economics GCCBA 42, chandigarh

2. Importance of Agriculture Source of Livelihood Contribution to National Income: 14.2 % in 2010-11 Source of Food Supply Role of agriculture for Industrial development Source of Government revenue

3. Provision of Capital Provision of labour Expanded market for other sectors Development of International trade: Agriculture export are 10 % of total exports

4. Feature of Indian Agriculture Feudal Character Dualism in Labour market Rural indebtedness Orthodox Farming Techniques Predominance of Small farmers

5. Vast Unemployment Large Inequalities

6. Agricultural productivity Agricultural productivity is measured as the ratio of agricultural outputs to agricultural Inputs

7. Sources of agricultural productivity Mechanization High yield varieties Fertilizers Irrigation Herbicides Pesticides Increased plant density

8. Importance of Agricultural Productivity More Food Growth of Area/ region Agricultural Competitiveness Efficient Distribution of Scarce Resources Alleviation of Poverty Lower Food Prices and Stable supply of Food

11. Agriculture Productivity CountryRice (Per Hectare in 1991) India17.5 USA41 Japan61.9 China54

12. CountryWheat per Hectares( Quintals in 1991) India22.7 Germany68 France61 China30

13. Causes of Low Productivity Causes of low Productivity Institutional General Technological

14. General Factors Over Crowding Socio economic Natural Factor Lack of Adequate Finance Lack of Productive Investment Inadequate Marketing System

15. INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS Small Size of Holding Defective pattern of Land tenure

17. TECHNOLOGICAL FACTORS Traditional factors of Production Lack of HVY of seed Scanty use of Fertilizer Inadequate Irrigation facility Lack of agriculture research

18. SOLUTION Increase area under irrigation More use of fertilizer More HVY Seeds Plant protection Scientific Cultivation Mechanisation

19. Improvement in Animal Husbandry Land Reforms Bio tech Crops Education and empowerment of farmers

20. The farmers should be provided with a stable price for their agricultural products at a remunerative level. There should be an expansion of adequate marketing facilities to sell the agricultural product. The land tenure system should be changed in favour of the cultivator. There should be a provision of cheap credit on reasonable terms especially to small farmers for better techniques of production. The modern inputs like fertilisers. Pesticides and improved seeds should be made available to the farmers at reasonable prices. There should be provisions of education, research and extension of agro-economic services to spread the knowledge of improved methods of farming. The State should make provision for the development of resources which are not possible in the part of individual farmers e.g. large scale irrigation, land reclamation or resettlement projects. There should be an extension of land used and intensification and utilisation of land already in use through improved and scientific implements.