1. The context
What does developed vs. developing country mean (LEDC, MEDC) ?
More Economically Developed Countries [MEDCs] have high levels of economic development compared with Less Economically Developed Countries [LEDCs].

2. Why are some countries more developed than others.
Geography, resources, human rights, governance?

3. The challenges that face the global community
Inequality, debt/poverty, civil war, shortages of world resources, climate change, health/ diseases (HIV, Malaria)
There is a responsibility on governments, charities and individuals to ensure human rights are protected.
Global community and the interconnectedness of the UK to the rest of the world
Globalization process that involves the
widening and deepening and speeding up
and growing impact of worldwide interconnectedness.
It’s a multi faced phenomenon

4. Answer these questions
What is LEDC, MEDC
What is our global responsibility?
The _____________________________ divide separates developed from __________________________ countries. The explanations for this divide have as much to do with ________________________ as they do with ______________ geography. Many MEDC’s had c_____________ in LEDC’s and there are still ________________ imposed on world ____________________. This means the development gap is getting _______________.
North-south colonies restrictions developing political history physical trade

5. Ways of changing the current system?
Aid
Trade
Support
Advice

6. Types of Aid Humanitarian Aid- emergencies
Aid from non governmental organisation- Aid from a charity
Development Aid- long term projects
Bilateral Aid -Bilateral means "two sides". This type of aid is from one country to another (mainly tied/conditional aid) eg from UK
Multilateral Aid -Multilateral means "many sides". World Health Organisation (WHO) World Banks

7. Which is which Haiti’s earthquake=
Building of bridges and dams and hospitals=
Given from one country=
Raised money given for specific projects=
Given by many countries=

8. Humanitarian aid
Sent quickly in response to an emergency in order to save lives
Emergency aid

9. PROS AND CONS Pro Sent quickly
Emergency aid in times of disaster saves lives.
Aid helps livelihoods and rebuild housing after a disaster.
Con
people become to dependant on it and one day it just stops when they feel the emergency is over
Eg- Ethiopia- wheat sent when people starving but free food drove farmers out of business and this reduced their self sufficiency.

10. Aid from non government organisation (NGO)
Given by charities such as Oxfam, save the children
Find out what is needed in advance
Make poverty history: (Bono, Geldof)
UK alliance of more than 500 charities and trade unions, campaigners and celebrities.
2005- key message: trade justice, drop the debt, more and better aid.
White band
Click advert- watch- every 3 seconds a someone dying from extreme poverty.
Pressure on G8 leader
Over the years 289million
Live 8- pressure on G8 leader
about INEQUALITES BETWEEN RICH AND POOR
Geldof
Play tracks from Live 8
What achieve?
Critics- making poverty history or about making entertainment history.
Charities, NGOSs

11. PROS AND CONS
Pros
Find out what is needed before- goes on specific projects
Not necessarily going through the government so avoiding corruption but through local organisations
Effects are evaluated
Free not to be repaid- avoid cycle of debt.
Cons
Not a structured amount to rely on BUT then not dependant in the same way
Aid not always coordinated
Can be used to persuade own agenda- like converting to a certain religion.

12. Developmental Aid
Designed to fund longer term projects that aim to help people improve their quality of life

13. Pros and Cons
Pro
Helping people build their own wells, schools, health centres
Building skills
Helps improve lives longer term and build up their community
Save time collecting water every day which can be used on jobs, education
Works best when use countries resources, labour, and supported with education and training
Cons
On some projects- unsustainable and bring few benefits if do not use countries resources.
Sometimes projects do not benefit smaller farmers and projects are often large scale.
Infrastructure projects may end up benefiting employers more than employees.
It may be a condition of the investment that the projects are run by foreign companies or that a proportion of the resources or profits will be sent abroad.
Some development projects may lead to food and water costing more

14. Example NOW YOU READ ASDAN DAM AND LIST THE PRO AND CONS
The 3 Gorges Dam project
This is an example of a large scale development project designed to:
Create more jobs
Allow large ships to navigate the river and reach Chungong
Create thousands of jobs Develop new towns and farms
Provide 10% of China’s electricity through HEP
Increase tourism along the river Protect precious farmland from flooding
However it also has a number of disadvantages:
Over 150 towns and 4500 thousand villages will be flooded displacing people from their homes
1.3 million people will be forced to move
The river landscape will be forever changed
The lake which will be created could become very polluted from industrial waste
NOW YOU READ ASDAN DAM AND LIST THE PRO AND CONS

15. Bilateral Aid
Given by the government of one country directly to another.

16. Pros and Cons Pros Boosts industry Quick and effective
Sent directly to the government who can then decide how to use it.
Cons
The money may not go to the right things
The government may be corrupt
Aid may be in the form of machinery or means that aren't useful.
Debt

17. Multilateral Aid
Given from a fund to which several rich countries contribute EU
World Bank- 186 member countries, the World Bank is a source of financial and technical assistance to developing countries. It can provide loans and grants for a wide array of purposes that include investments in education, health, public administration, infrastructure, financial and private sector development, agriculture and environmental and natural resource management.
International Monetary Fund (IMF) promote global monetary cooperation, financial stability, international trade, employment and sustainable economic growth.

18. Programmes
Structural adjustment programme- Conditionality on market liberalisation. Problems -focused too much on the economics, without a sufficient understanding of the social, the political, the environmental, and the cultural aspects of society.
Good governance- new condition to aid
Then more country ownership- comprehensive framework (1999) States draw up business plans in consultation with WB/IMF and civil society org.

19. Pros More likely to meet the needs of the LEDC
Longer term development projects
Conditions on aid can be used to put political or economic pressure on the receiving country.
Same as other general benefits of Aid

20. Cons Less likely to promote the needs of the LEDC
All these schemes were giving aid with conditions which were not working
Loan conditions not met and WB/IMF would suddenly halter aid- means innocent suffered.
Debt-loan needed to be repaid- resulting in huge debts- which are huge burdens on LEDCs
Nigeria borrowed 3 Billion and has since paid back 9 billion but interest repayments meant still owes 18 billion
Aid goes to government they may not give to people- Corruption stops the aid reaching people who need it.