1. CHEMICAL BONDING

2. CHEMICAL BONDS Why are we studying bonds? Analogy: Elements & Periodic TableLetters Bonds / CompoundsWords ReactionsSentences Putting it all togetherStories

3. CHEMICAL BONDS A chemical bond is a mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons of different atoms that binds them together. Types (major): Ionic Covalent (polar & nonpolar) Metallic

4. (note) Bonds exist between two atoms. In water, there are TWO chemical bonds treat each individually (e.g., determining type)

5. IonicCovalentMetallic General:metal + nonmetal nonmetal + nonmetal metal + metal ExampleNaClSucrose (table sugar) 18-ct gold (Au + Ag) Electronslost/gainedshared‘sea of electrons’ Electronegativity Difference >1.7 0.0-0.3 nonpolar 0.3-1.7 polar n/a

6. Properties Ionic Covalent Polar Covalent Nonpolar statesolidtend to be soft solids, liquids or gases soluble in water yes no conduct electricity (in water) yesno b.p.highlowlowest m.p.highlowlowest brittleyes(see above state)

7. Bonding: Lewis Dot Lewis Dot Symbols (electron dot) Lewis dot symbol : consists of the symbol of an element and one dot for each valence electron in an atom of the element. X

8. Bonding: Lewis Dot Lewis Dot Symbols KKrCaGeAsSeBrGa NaArMgSi P SClAl LiNeBeCN O FB H He Generally: only s- and p- are considered valence electrons.

9. 9

10. Oxygen (Christopher Hendryx, Ringling College of Arts & Design) (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b4wveY2-lCo)