1. Child Defibrillation By Todd Braithwaite

2. Introduction Modern Medicine has not yet created protocols for successfully defibrillating children under twelve years old. There is a lack of research on how electrical currents affect the anatomy and physiology of a child’s body. Adequate research on this subject could improve the outcomes of advanced lifesaving (ALS) measures for children.

3. Goals - First Demonstrate effects of body size on current distributions in bodyDemonstrate effects of body size on current distributions in body Expect to find dangerous levels in child body with adult shockExpect to find dangerous levels in child body with adult shock Publish findingsPublish findings

4. Goals - Second Redesign defibrillator for child body sizeRedesign defibrillator for child body size Expect to change strength & duration of shockExpect to change strength & duration of shock Publish findingsPublish findings

5. Cardiac Defibrillation - Basics Heart controlled by electrical signalsHeart controlled by electrical signals Fibrillation - rapid & irregular beating of the heartFibrillation - rapid & irregular beating of the heart Electrical shock used to restore regular heart beat (defibrillation)Electrical shock used to restore regular heart beat (defibrillation)

6. Defibrillation Basics - cont’d Paddles (electrodes) placed on bodyPaddles (electrodes) placed on body Electrical shock appliedElectrical shock applied View resultsView results Repeat if necessaryRepeat if necessary Note Too big of a shock will permanently damage the body tissue

7. Defibrillator Lifepak 500 Automated External DefibrillatorLifepak 500 Automated External Defibrillator http://www.lifesaving.com/catalog/emsresus.htm

8. Electrodes

9. Usage of Defibrillator Location of ElectrodesLocation of Electrodes

10. My Project Model current distribution in bodyModel current distribution in body Finite Difference Frequency Domain (FDFD) ModelingFinite Difference Frequency Domain (FDFD) Modeling Written in MATLABWritten in MATLAB

11. Model of Human Body No model of child bodyNo model of child body Adult body modelAdult body model Scale to child sizeScale to child size

12. MATLAB FDFD code written in houseFDFD code written in house Successive Over Relaxation (SOR) methodSuccessive Over Relaxation (SOR) method Resolution (matrix size) determined by computing power availableResolution (matrix size) determined by computing power available

13. MATLAB -cont’d Results compared against published current patternsResults compared against published current patterns

14. Project Timeline Working FDFD code - May 1, 2000Working FDFD code - May 1, 2000 Human model - May 28, 2000Human model - May 28, 2000 Preliminary results - June 27, 2000Preliminary results - June 27, 2000 Simulations completed - July 30, 2000Simulations completed - July 30, 2000 Write up completed - August 15, 2000Write up completed - August 15, 2000

15. Close Defibrillators designed for adultsDefibrillators designed for adults Lack of research on defibrillating childrenLack of research on defibrillating children Future design changes in defibrillatorsFuture design changes in defibrillators

16. Resources Dr. FurseDr. Furse Articles - 2 so farArticles - 2 so far Web sites - none yetWeb sites - none yet