1. Eight genes that make us brainiacs Genes and Human 郭承玉 5130719039

2. introduction Eight genes that make us brainiacs

3. Brain Structure nucleus accumbens, caudate, putamen, pallidum, amygdala, hippocampus and thalamus

4. Brain Structure Nucleus accumbens The nucleus accumbens has a significant role in the cognitive processing of aversion, motivation, pleasure, reward and reinforcement learning Caudate The caudate nucleus constitutes a system that is responsible largely for voluntary movement.[1] Parkinson's disease

5. The main function of the putamen is to regulate movements and influence various types of learning. Parkinson's disease Putamen Thalamus Some of its functions are the relaying of sensory and motor signals to the cerebral cortex and the regulation of consciousness, sleep, and alertness. Brain Structure

6. To perform a primary role in the processing of memory, decision- making, and emotional reactions Amygdala Hippocampus It plays important roles in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory and spatial navigation. Alzheimer's disease oxygen starvation (hypoxia), encephalitis, or medial temporal lobe epilepsy Brain Structure

7. The nucleus accumbens has a significant role in the cognitive processing of aversion, motivation, pleasure, reward and reinforcement learning Nucleus accumbens Pallidus The globus pallidus is a major component of the basal ganglia core along with the striatum and its direct target, the substantia nigra. Brain Structure

8. Common genetic variants influence brain structure univariate

9. Univariate 65% univariate The genome-wide significant variants identified here showed specific effects on single brain structures rather than pleiotropic effects across multiple structures

10. Common genetic variants influence brain structure Add keywords TraitMarkerGeneProteinfunction Putamenrs945270KTN1kinectina receptor that allows vesicle binding to kinesin and is involved in organelle transport. Putamenrs620979 86 DCCnetrina receptor involved in axon guidance and migration, including in the developing striatum. Putamenrs608777 1 BCL2L 1 an anti- apoptotic factor inhibits programmed cell death of immature neurons throughout the brain Putamenrs683250DLG2postsynaptic density 93 (PSD-93) protein a membrane-associated guanylate kinase involved in organizing channels in the postsynaptic density

11. Common genetic variants influence brain structure Add keywords TraitMarkerGeneProteinfunction Hippocampusrs779563 14 HRKHRK protein Activator of apoptosis Hrk regulates apoptosis through interaction with death-repressor proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-X(L). Hippocampusrs620979 86 MSR B3 protein The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the reduction of methionine sulfoxide to methionine. Caudaters131886 2 FAT3cadherinspecifically expressed in the nervous system during embryonic development that influences neuronal morphology through cell–cell interactions ICVrs176898 82 CRH R1 tags the chromosome 17q21 inversion

12. References nature Common genetic variants influence human subcortical brain structures Nature 520, 224–229 (09 April 2015) doi:10.1038/nature14101 Received 17 April 2014 Accepted 19 November 2014 Published online 21 January 2015 1 Science Eight genes that make us brainiacs By Elizabeth Pennisi 21 January 2015 1:00 pm Science| DOI: 10.1126/science.aaa6373 2 MIT Technology Review Crowdsourcing Study of 30,000 Images Connects Genes to Brain Size By Antonio Regalado on January 21, 2015 3 Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia nucleus accumbens, caudate, putamen, pallidum, amygdala, hippocampus and thalamus 4

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