1. E-Tourism Nicos Rodosthenous PhD 21/02/2013 3 21/2/20131Dr Nicos Rodsthenous

2. Implications of the ICT Revolution for Business and Strategy (Part B) 1.ICTs in the contemporary competitive arena: business re-engineering and paradigm shift  To maximize the benefits of ICTs organizations need to re-examine their entire operation and processes to the new opportunities and challenges.  There are four different eras of ICT development in organizational change with ICTs. 21/2/20132Dr Nicos Rodsthenous

3. Implications of the ICT Revolution for Business and Strategy (Part B) 21/2/20133Dr Nicos Rodsthenous

4. Implications of the ICT Revolution for Business and Strategy (Part B) 1.In the data processing era, automation is used to enhance the speed and quality. 2.In the MIS era, rationalization is used to improve procedures and processes. 3.In the BPR (Business process re-engineering) era, new systems used to improve cost, quality and service and to maximize the benefits of ICTs. 4.In the networking era, a radical change is used to re-engineer companies and transform the entire system to maximize its benefits. 21/2/20134Dr Nicos Rodsthenous

5. Implications of the ICT Revolution for Business and Strategy (Part B) A paradigm shift is used in the marketplace to generate fundamental changes in the nature and application of technology. Four main paradigm shifts drive changes in organizations and society: a)new technology b)new geopolitical order c)new enterprise, and d)new business environment. 21/2/20135Dr Nicos Rodsthenous

6. Implications of the ICT Revolution for Business and Strategy (Part B) 21/2/20136Dr Nicos Rodsthenous

7. Implications of the ICT Revolution for Business and Strategy (Part B) New technology helps improve performance, integrate organizations, and develop relationships with external partners. New geopolitical order generates competitive and dynamic international marketplace with huge competition. ICTs provide opportunities:1) to increase competitiveness and efficiency 2) to achieve strategic objectives of the organizations and manage to gain sustainable competitive advantage. 21/2/20137Dr Nicos Rodsthenous

8. Implications of the ICT Revolution for Business and Strategy (Part B) 2. The virtual corporation: concepts and definitions :  Virtual products and services are customized in response to customer demand.  Virtual organizations exploit fast-changing opportunities by sharing costs, skills and access to global markets.  V.O. produce not only superb products, but also manage their relationships with all other members of the value-added chain, consumers, stakeholders and employees. 21/2/20138Dr Nicos Rodsthenous

9. Implications of the ICT Revolution for Business and Strategy (Part B)  The V.O. concept overcomes geographical constrains and creates a customer/service – oriented company.  V.O. undertake extensive outsourcing policy and form strategic alliances.(i.e. Airline business), able to react to external challenges/competition instantly.  Key issues are speed and efficiency. In tourism industry consumers still research from high-street shops, direct telephone calls and virtual airlines and travel agents on-line. 21/2/20139Dr Nicos Rodsthenous

10. Implications of the ICT Revolution for Business and Strategy (Part B)  Consumers play a dominant role in the design and production of virtual products as they can feed their needs and wants back to the organization through interactive mechanisms.  Characteristics of virtual corporations: 1.Focus on consumer satisfaction 2.Cost effectiveness 3.Networking and partnerships 4.Innovative use of IT 21/2/201310Dr Nicos Rodsthenous

11. Implications of the ICT Revolution for Business and Strategy (Part B) 5. Proximity to the needs of the marketplace 6.Lean production through outsourcing 7.Synergies in communication and technologies utilized 3. A multidimensional framework for strategic management and marketing  A conceptual synthesis of ICT usage in business strategy yields a strategic multidimensional framework.  The framework develops a space of interaction 21/2/201311Dr Nicos Rodsthenous

12. Implications of the ICT Revolution for Business and Strategy (Part B) by three principal dimensions: 1.Intranets for employees and managers of the organization internally 2.Extranets for external stakeholders access of partners, suppliers and loyal customers 3.The Internet, which offers a window to the world and enables everybody to interact with the organization. 21/2/201312Dr Nicos Rodsthenous

13. Implications of the ICT Revolution for Business and Strategy (Part B) 21/2/201313Dr Nicos Rodsthenous

14. Implications of the ICT Revolution for Business and Strategy (Part B) Effective organizations need to use ICTs for Internet, extranets and intranets to communicate with their main stakeholders. For example, an airline may have one web page for their external customers and alternative pages for their local market, recruitment or marketing. Each organization operates with a global electronic info-structure, which includes millions of other organizations in order to: 21/2/201314Dr Nicos Rodsthenous

15. Implications of the ICT Revolution for Business and Strategy (Part B) 1)Maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of each organization 2)Capitalize on the market opportunities 3)Position the organization effectively for taking advantage of partnership opportunities 4)Formulate successful value chains 5)Maximize consumer benefits. 6)Marketing offers a mechanism for interaction with all 21/2/201315Dr Nicos Rodsthenous

16. Implications of the ICT Revolution for Business and Strategy (Part B) external and internal stakeholders, identifying their needs and wants and designing appropriate offerings. Marketing research identifies consumer needs and develops potential products/services for their satisfaction. Failing to use efficiently and effectively the ICTs for networking will jeopardize the organization’s competitiveness. 21/2/201316Dr Nicos Rodsthenous