1. Battlegrounds Shift
Chapter 6, Lesson #3

2. Fighting in the West Many Natives sided with the British:
Fighting took place west of the colonies
Native raids on colonists
British paid natives for settlers’ scalps
George Rogers Clark
Virginia militia leader
Captured British Forts:
Kaskaskia, Cahokia
Captured British town of Vincennes

3. The War at Sea Britain had most powerful Navy:
Used ships to blockade (no ships could leave or enter) ports
American Navy too weak:
Hired 2,000 privateers: privately owned ships with cannons
Capture enemy ships and cargo
John Paul Jones:
US Navy officer and hero: raided British ports
September 1779: Bonhomme Richard vs. Serapis
“I have not yet begun to fight!”
Fought for hours until American victory

4. Fighting in the South
British realized winning in the north would not be easy
Changed focus to South more loyalists
Henry Clinton (British general):
1778: Sent 3,500 British troops south:
Took over Savannah, Georgia and rest of state
1780: Attacked Charles Town, South Carolina
Took thousands of prisoners
Worst defeat for Americans during war
Clinton went back to NY and left General Charles Cornwallis in charge.
Gates sent to face Cornwallis but was defeated in Camden, South Carolina.

5. Stop What Virginia military leader fought British in the West?
Define the word: Privateer
Who was the Captain of the Bonhomme Richard?
What British commander took over Georgia and South Carolina?

6. Hit and Run Tactics Francis Marion “The Swamp Fox”
Used “hit and run” tactics against British
Ambush British forces from concealed locations
Forced British to divide forces (made them easier to attack)
Kept the British from taking hold of South Carolina
"As for this damned old fox, the Devil himself could not catch him.“
- British Lieutenant Colonel Banastre Tarelton

7. Spain’s Help Bernardo de Gálvez Spanish governor of Louisiana
Shipped tons of supplies and ammunition up Mississippi river
Used by George Rogers Clark (help him be victorious)
Raised an army to fight the British
Drove British out of Gulf of Mexico region

8. American Successes British moved north through Carolinas
Threatened to “hang [patriot] leaders” and “lay waste to country” if colonists did not join British cause.
King’s Mountain
Patriot militia killed or captured 1,000 loyalist militia soldiers.
Nathanael Greene
Replaced Gate as commander of American forces in South
Divided forces and achieved victory at Cowpens, SC
Forced Cornwallis to give up Southern campaign and move north
Nathanael Greene

9. Cornwallis Retreats Cornwallis
Realizes more French troops are arriving
Moves British north to Virginia
Washington sends troops south (led by Lafayette and General Wayne)
British take refuge in Yorktown, VA
…stay tuned!

10. Stop Who was known as the Swamp Fox?
Who was the Spanish governor of Louisiana who help the Americans?
During what battle did the Patriots capture or kill 1,000 Loyalists?
During which battle did Nathanael Greene’s forces defeat the British in South Carolina?