1. Australia

3.  Aborigines -indigenous people  *maybe land bridges from SE Asia  hunting and gathering

5. Possessions– boomerangs, spears, tools of wood and stone for digging, cutting and carrying things

6. Art of aborigines – rock painting symbolic of spiritual ancestors

8. Dutch Exploration

9. Captain James Cook – Great Britain; *made way through coral reefs to reach mainland; penal colony

10. Convicts-debtors shipped to Australia from Britain to work out their sentence

11. First Fleet of prisoners to arrive in Australia 1852, over 150,000 convicts

12. Convicts building roads

13. Early settlements – difficult because soil was poor *people didn’t like the native plants for food

14. Effects on aborigines – lands were taken away by settlers *weakened by western diseases and breakdown of tribal ties

15. Language and Religion English official language Christianity introduced 1788 Irish convicts mostly Roman Catholic Others Anglican and Methodist Mostly Christian; Roman Catholic and Anglican Church

16. Australian Gold Rush – gold was discovered in the interior of Australia and caused the west to grow