1. Genetics

2. Genetics
Genetics is the study of how traits are inherited in offspring.

3. Genetics
Gene: Segment of chromosome (DNA) that codes for a trait

4. Genetics Allele: Different form of the same gene.
Example: Skin Color (Color, Albino)

5. Genetics
Humans normally have two alleles for each gene.

6. Genetics
Dominant: Trait that gets expressed from dominant allele.

7. Genetics
Phenotype: Observable physical or behavioral trait

8. Genetics
Genotype: Genes (Alleles) that code for a trait

9. Genes and Traits part 2
Homozygous: having the same forms (alleles) for a gene on both chromosomes.
Also said to be purebred.

10. Genetics
Homozygous Dominant = AA
Homozygous Recessive = aa

11. Genetics
Heterozygous: having different forms (alleles) for a gene on both chromosomes.
Also said to be hybrid.

12. Genetics Monohybrid Crosses Gene: Albinism
Heterozygous = Aa, or aA
Genetics
Monohybrid Crosses
Gene: Albinism
Dominant Allele: A = normal skin color
Recessive Allele: a = albino

13. Heterozygous = Aa, or aA
Genetics
Cross a heterozygous individual with a heterozygous individual: Aa X Aa A a AA Aa aa

14. Heterozygous = Aa, or aA
Genetics
Cross a homozygous dominant individual with a homozygous recessive individual: AA X aa A a Aa

15. Heterozygous = Aa, or aA
Genetics
Test Cross: Cross a homozygous recessive individual with an unknown (homozygous dominant or heterozygous): aa X A? A ? a Aa A?

16. Heterozygous = Aa, or aA
Genetics
The outcome determines the offspring. If half of the offspring are albino, then the unknown is heterozygous (Aa). A a Aa aa

17. Heterozygous = Aa, or aA
Genetics
If all of the offspring have normal skin color, then the unknown is homozygous dominant. A a Aa