1. How Organisms are Classified
Chapter 2, lesson 2
How Organisms are Classified

2. Living things
Living things are more like other living things than they are like non-living things.
Ex. A tree is more like a cat than a car
They can also be very different from each other.
Ex. Cat and shark and plant

3. Living things
Scientists divide the world of living things into five groups = kingdoms
Plant
Animal
Protist
Fungi
Monera

4. Living things Classified (grouped) based on how they are alike
The study of living things = biology
Science of classifying organisms based on the features they share = taxonomy.

5. The Plant Kingdom
Examples: trees, ferns, grasses, and mosses

6. Plants
Plants can’t move from place to place.

7. Plants
Plants make their own food using sunlight, carbon dioxide, water, and minerals.
Photosynthesis

8. Plants All plants have many cells.
Cells organized into tissues and organs.
Many plants have organs =
Roots
Stem
Leaves

9. The Animal Kingdom
Examples: humans, dogs, fish, coral, sponges, insects, birds, lizards, frogs.

10. Animals Animals can’t make their own food.
They get their food by eating plants or other animals that eat plants.

11. Animals
Most animals move around from place to place (at least one point in their life).
They move to get food, find shelter, escape danger, find a mate, during reproduction.

12. Animals All animals have many cells.
Cells form tissues in all animals (except sponges)
In most animals, tissues form organs.
Heart, lungs, stomach, brain

13. The Protist Kingdom
When biologists used a microscope, they discovered tiny organisms.
Microorganisms – organisms that can only be seen with a microscope.
These organisms didn’t fit into the plant or animal kingdom.

14. Protist Most have only one cell, a few have many cells.
Divided into the plant-like protists, animal-like protists, and both animal and plant-like protists.

15. Plant-like Protists Plant like protists – algae
Make their own food (like plants)
Can’t move from place to place (like plants)
Live in lakes, streams, rivers, ponds, and oceans.

16. Plant like Protists
Algae are the food for the organisms that live in the waters of the world.
Green film on top of ponds = algae
Larger algae = seaweed
Al.so produce sugars (food) that other organisms use (photosynthesis)

17. Animal-like Protists Animal-like protists – protozoans
Get food – absorb food from other sources.
Moves from place to place.
Methods of movement
Cilia
Flagella
pseudopod

18. Methods of movement
Cilia: hair like structures that beat like boat paddles.---move materials

19. Methods of Movement
Flagellum (flagella): whip like structure, a tail that moves back and forth---movement

20. Methods of Movement
Pseudopoda: a false foot that amoebas push out to move.

21. Protists Protists live in water, soil, and bodies of animals.
Ex. Paramecium, amoebas, giardia
Most are harmless
some cause disease – giardia.

22. Plant and animal like protists
Make their own food when sunlight is present.
Get or absorb food when sunlight is not present.

23. The Fungi Kingdom

24. The Fungi Kingdom Most have many cells Don’t move around by themselves
Absorb food from other organisms
Fungi release special chemicals on dead plants and animals.
Chemicals break down, or decompose, the matter.
Fungi absorbs the decomposed matter.

25. Fungi
Some of the decomposed matter gets in the soil and other organisms can use it.
Some fungi are parasites – absorb food from living organisms.
Can harm plants: Dutch elm disease.
Can harm animals – ringworm
Examples: mushroom and mold.

26. The Monera Kingdom Monera = alone
Only one kind of organism in this kingdom =
Bacteria

27. Monera Usually single (one) celled Some can move and get food.
Some don’t move and they make their own food.
Cells of monerans are unlike other kingdoms in that:

28. They don’t have organelles!
Monera
They don’t have organelles!

29. Monera Some cause disease – strep throat
Most are harmless or even beneficial (helpful).
Decompose (break down) animal and plant remains.
Used to make cheese and yogurt.
Clean up chemical spills – eat chemicals and turn them into something less harmful.