1. 1994 Bolivian Earthquake Eric Kiser

2. 1994 Bolivian Earthquake Moment Magnitude (Mw): 8.3 Epicenter: 13.84°S and 67.55 °W Depth: 631km

3. Outline Rupture Characteristics Comparison with other Deep Earthquakes Tectonics

4. Silver et al., 1995

5. Directivity Analysis Silver et al., 1995

7. 30km by 50km Rupture Plane 40s Duration 1.25 km/s Velocity Rupture plane is too large

9. Other Rupture Properties No Isotropic Component (Okal, 1996) Friction melting (Kanamori et al, 1998) –Efficiency: 0.036 –Non-Radiated Energy: 1.4x10 18 J –52,000°C Temperature Increase –Slow Rupture Velocity and Large Slip

10. Differences in the 1994 Bolivia and Tonga Earthquakes Wiens and McGuire, 1995

11. Tonga Earthquake

12. Bolivia Earthquake Tinker et al., 1995

15. Tectonic Setting Kirby et al., 1995

16. Tectonic Setting Kirby et al., 1995

17. Tectonic Setting Kirby et al., 1995

18. Kinks from compression Kinks meet resistance at the lower mantle Slab Thickening

19. Summary Deepest earthquake ever recorded Rupture extent, no isotropic component, and seismic efficiency have important implications for deep earthquake mechanisms The majority of deep earthquakes may not exhibit these rupture characteristics