1. The Water Cycle By: Alex Jasukaitis, Alec Socha, Zach Pickell Hour: 1, AP Environmental Science 10-15-15

2. aquifer Sublimation Watershed

3. Evaporation- Water transforming from a liquid state to a gaseous state. Evapotranspiration- Evaporation of water through the stoma openings in plants Condensation- Water transforming from a gaseous state to a liquid state Sublimation - transference of a solid directly to a gas. It’s an endothermic process that only occurs at temperatures and pressures below a substance's triple point. Precipitation- Any sort of water that falls from the condensed water in the sky Run Off- Water that collects materials by flowing on top of it and gathering Infiltration/Percolation- The slow movement of water through porous or permeable materials such as some rocks and soil. Aquifer- A collection of ground water( Like an underground lake) Water Table- The highest point underground that an aquifer reaches Watershed- All of the land in a given landscape that drains into a particular body of water (DeRiemaker).

4. Effect on the Food Web ~ Water affects the amount of vegetation grown in area (Limiting Factor) -Desert or rainforest -The amount of species ~ It changes the type of vegetation and animals -Depending on where in the cycle they are ~No trees -dry(sahara), run off of nurtients All Organisms Require Water for Life!

5. Effects of the Water cycle Atmosphere - water vapor (37.5 million billion gallons) Most powerful greenhouse gas (95%) Creates a positive feedback loop (warmer air holds more water) Doubles amount of temperature change that CO2 causes Relatively short lived effect since it depends on weather patterns. Precipitation into Ocean Over land

6. Effects of the Water cycle Hydrosphere - Creates thermocline and Halocline (Underwater currents) Could cause floods or droughts Lowering the water table depletion/percolation of an aquifer Precipitation refills the hydrosphere Without evapotranspiration the climate would dry out. Creates different bodies of water, Fresh, Salt, or estuaries. Creates Polar icecap ecosystem(density)

7. Effects of the Water cycle Geosphere - Can create structures in the ground (Grand Canyon) erosion deposition Cleans the water cycle in marshes and wetlands Causes nutrients to diffuse into trees and plants Can have minerals dissolve into water. can be bad because of runoff and contamination Can even create land structures (Tufa)

8. Humans Effect on the Water Cycle Lowering water table Sink holes depletes aquifers (can harm local ecosystems) Well water prices can rise since it's estimated that there are “3.1 million cubic miles of saline water but only 2.6 cubic miles of fresh underground water” (usgs). Water Power (hydroelectric power) can cause drought downstream coastal erosion Irrigation - depletes rivers and lakes, possibly harming wildlife. leaching runoff contaminates water cycle harming ecosystems. GLOBAL WARMING - melts polar ice caps and is causing sea level change and mild temperature change(underwater currents) Anthropogenic H20 in the atmosphere

10. Humans Effect on the Water Cycle Destroying wetlands(Prevents natural decontamination) Run off can destroy ecosystems through hypoxia Deforestation - less evapotranspiration, so less precipitation (ie drought) Silver Lake dunes (Sand will eventually destroy lake) Human cities (concrete) blocks infiltration/percolation Can contaminate H20 during/after mining (Fracking, Drilling, Dredging/EPA)

11. Our Water Cycle

12. Work Cited 1.http://water.usgs.gov/edu/watercycle.htmlhttp://water.usgs.gov/edu/watercycle.html 2.https://www.skepticalscience.com/water-vapor-greenhouse-gas.htmhttps://www.skepticalscience.com/water-vapor-greenhouse-gas.htm 3.http://science.nasa.gov/earth-science/oceanography/ocean-earth-system/ocean-water-cycle/http://science.nasa.gov/earth-science/oceanography/ocean-earth-system/ocean-water-cycle/ 4.http://water.usgs.gov/edu/gwdepletion.htmlhttp://water.usgs.gov/edu/gwdepletion.html 5.http://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/briefs/gornitz_02/http://www.giss.nasa.gov/research/briefs/gornitz_02/ 6.http://sciencelearn.org.nz/Contexts/H2O-On-the-Go/Science-Ideas-and-Concepts/Humans-and-the- water-cycle\http://sciencelearn.org.nz/Contexts/H2O-On-the-Go/Science-Ideas-and-Concepts/Humans-and-the- water-cycle\ 7.http://www.nature.com/scientificamerican/journal/v19/n1s/full/scientificamericanearth0309-32.htmlhttp://www.nature.com/scientificamerican/journal/v19/n1s/full/scientificamericanearth0309-32.html 8.Chapter 3 Notes Mrs.DeRiemaker