1. 1 IT 327 - Schweber Chap 19 Attitude The longer I live, the more I realize the impact of attitude on life. Attitude, to me, is more important than facts. It is more important than the past, than education, than money, than circumstances, than failures, than successes, than what other people think or say or do. It is more important than appearance, giftedness or skills. It will make or break a company...a church...a home. The remarkable thing is we have a choice every day regarding the attitude we will embrace for that day. We cannot change the inevitable. The only thing we can do is play on the one string we have, and that is our attitude...I am convinced that life is 10% what happens to me and 90% how I react to it. And so it is with you...we are in charge of our attitudes. Charles Swindoll (Widely published Christian minister; 2000) Quoted by Pres. Monson, Ensign, Jan 2012, First Presidency Message Whatever happens in the life of a person, if his attitude is right, the Lord will work that experience for that person’s good. Elder Dennis B. Neuenschwander Faculty Inservice, Orem Institute of Religion, Dec 14, 1996 At the center of our agency is our freedom to form a healthy attitude toward whatever circumstances we are placed in! Elder Neal A. Maxwell Deposition of a Disciple (1976), 30–31.

2. 2 IT 327 - Schweber Chap 19 Coming back to visit the Brigham Young Academy just two months before his death, Karl G. Maeser spent a few moments in one of the classrooms writing four short thoughts on the chalkboard, perhaps as a final message to the students: The fear of God is the beginning of wisdom. This life is one great assignment, and that is to become absorbed with the principles of immortality and eternal life. Man grows only with his higher goals. Never let anything impure enter here. 2009 BYU Annual University Conference program Back cover page.

3. IT 327 - Schweber Chap 193

4. Orbits LEO: typically 17,000 mph MEO: typically 12,000 mph GEO: exactly 7070 mph

5. Frequency Bands

6. Factoids VERY complex systems Yes, it IS rocket science High-frequency, high attenuation signals & electronics Mechanical systems that must work in extreme conditions Complicated and expensive Earth-based systems Typical launch weight of 100s to 1000s of lbs Typical cost of $50M to $100M (to build the satellite) Launch cost of about $10,000/lb (LEO); MEO and GEO raise that another 5x each 10-year expected lifetime

7. Link Budget

8. How Many? (www.n2yo.com) Satellite Totals - Most to Least Geostationary816 Military565 Strela546 Space & Earth Science475 TV375 No Category169 CubeSats146 Glonass Operational128 Earth Resources115 Parus95 Iridium92 Experimental87 Globalstar84 Weather79 Amateur Radio76 Intelsat68 Tselina65 GPS Operational64 Engineering59 Westford Needles48 Rudaga44 Molniya44 Orbcomm43 Brightest37 Navy Navigation Satellite System37 Gorizont33 Tracking & Data Relay Satellite System31 Tsiklon28 Geodectic26 Yaogan25 Radar Calibration24 Disaster Monitoring22 NOAA20 Beidou Navigation System20 Tsikada20 Education17 Sfera17 Russian LEO Navigation16 GOES15 Search & Rescue15 Satellite-Based Augmentation System14 Gonets12 XM & Sirius9 ISS8 Galileo6 TOTAL4735 Satellite Totals - by Category Amateur Radio76 Beidou Navigation System20 Brightest37 CubeSats146 Disaster Monitoring22 Earth Resources115 Education17 Engineering59 Experimental87 Galileo6 Geodectic26 Geostationary816 Globalstar84 Glonass Operational128 GOES15 Gonets12 Gorizont33 GPS Operational64 Intelsat68 Iridium92 ISS8 Military565 Molniya44 Navy Navigation Satellite System37 No Category169 NOAA20 Orbcomm43 Parus95 Radar Calibration24 Rudaga44 Russian LEO Navigation16 Satellite-Based Augmentation System14 Search & Rescue15 Sfera17 Space & Earth Science475 Strela546 Tracking & Data Relay Satellite System31 Tselina65 Tsikada20 Tsiklon28 TV375 Weather79 Westford Needles48 XM & Sirius9 Yaogan25 TOTAL4735

10. Navigation: A True Story Commodore Anson and the Centurion In September 1740, the H.M.S. Centurion set sail for the South Pacific from England under the command of Commodore George Anson. They had no chronometer. By March, 1741, already 6 months at sea, the Centurion rounded the tip of Cape Horn, only to encounter a terrific storm that punished them for 58 days. When finally able to get a fix on their position, Anson sailed north and west for Juan Fernández Island for some desperately needed fresh water and food. When he reached the proper latitude, he had no idea which way to go – east or west. For over two months they had been unable to plot their progress, and they did not have a chronometer to allow them to determine their longitude. So on a hunch, he sailed west. But after not sighting land after four days, he decided he was already west of Juan Fernández, so they turned around and headed east. Two days later, they sighted land, but it turned out to be the coast of Chile, under Spanish rule; they could not go there! So they executed another quick 180° turn and sailed west again. Finally, on June 9, 1741, they dropped anchor at Juan Fernández. The extra two weeks of sailing had cost Anson an additional 80 lives among his sick and ailing crew. Longitude, by Dava Sobel (Walker & Co., 1995), pp 17-20

11. LORAN (LOng RAnge Navigation)

12. GPS