1. FOCUS STRUCTURES: Fronting Inversion Cleft sentences

2. FRONTING
She was coughing and sneezing. He recognized these symptons immediately.
These symptons were recognized immediately.
We met the Greens. We liked Mrs Green, but we really didn´t care for her husband.
Mrs Green we liked, but her husband we didn´t care for.

3. INVERSION After prepositional phrases:
I sat on a chair in the middle of the room.
Behind the chair stood an old woman.
Into the room walked two men wearing sunglasses.

4. adverbs such as HERE and THERE , SCARCELY and SELDOM; Here comes the bride!! There goes my bus!! Seldom have I heard such nonsense. Scarcely have we found people to help us. * negative words like NEITHER, NOR or NOT; I don´t like it. Neither do my parents. Nor does anyone else. Not only was the car old, it had no windows.

5. * ONLY in prepositional phrases or time expressions: Only in Italy can you find this special kind of ice cream. Only after the test will we know the correct answers. * Gerunds/Participles moved to the front position: Lying on the bed was a package. Attached to it was a small note.

6. CLEFT (DIVIDED) SENTENCES
Cleft sentences can begin with:
IT+ be + emphasized part + relative clause;
I like most vegetables. (I hate onions.)
It is onions that I hate.
I´m not interested in anyone else. (I love you!)
It´s you that I love !

7. WHAT (All) – clause + be + an emphasized part; I can´t stop yawning
WHAT (All) – clause + be + an emphasized part; I can´t stop yawning. (I need a cup of coffee.) What I need is a cup of coffee. Alison has an unusual job. (She repairs old clocks.) What she does is repair old clocks. You´ll stop arguing soon.(The only thing you need is love.) “All you need is love.”

8. Complete each cleft sentence emphasizing the underlined part: 1
Complete each cleft sentence emphasizing the underlined part: 1.The cigarette smoke is irritating my eyes. It _______________________________ We had to clean up all the mess. It ______________________________ . 3.Jimmy watches TV in his room instead of studying. What _____________________________________ Scientists now believe that human activity is the cause. What ______________________________________ .