1. The Treaty of Versailles: American Style

2. Article X The Members of the League undertake to respect and preserve as against external aggression the territorial integrity and existing political independence of all Members of the League. In case of any such aggression or in case of any threat or danger of such aggression the Council shall advise upon the means by which this obligation shall be fulfilled.17 Article II, Section II, Clause 2: He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided tw0-thirds of the Senators present concur……

3. Battle Lines Drawn March 4, 1919: Henry Cabot Lodge issues Round-Robin of 39 Republicans opposed Treaty without reservations Groups Developed regarding the Treaty of Versailles Senate opinion on the treaty was divided into three distinct views: Supporters. Democrats loyal to Wilson wanted the treaty to be ratified in its original form without any amendments or reservations. Reservationists. This group claimed to be in favor of the treaty, but only after including a series of reservations prior to ratification. Senator Lodge of Massachusetts was the leader of this faction and was personally dedicated to frustrating the aims of his rival, Wilson. The Reservationists were the largest of the three factions. Irreconcilables. Isolationist senators, including Robert M. La Follette of Wisconsin, William E. Borah of Idaho and Hiram Johnson of California, opposed the treaty and American entry into the League of Nations under any circumstances. They had counseled against entering the war in the first place and now opposed participation in European affairs.IsolationistRobert M. La FolletteHiram Johnson Mar. 4, 1919 - Wilson speech in New York declares Covenant and League are inseparable; Wilson returns to Paris

4. The Irreconciables "America has arisen to a position where she is respected and admired by the entire world," he informed a Brooklyn audience. "She did it by minding her own business... The European and American systems do not agree." William Borah, (R) IDHiram Johnson, (R) CA

5. The Reservationists Mild Reservationists & Strong Reservationists Henry Cabot Lodge, (R) MA Chairman of Senate Foreign Relations Committee Held Hearings on Treaty from: July 1919-November 1919 Eventually 14 Reservations (Amendments) added To Treaty concerning Article X

6. Wilson’s Tour

7. The Fall of a President September 26, 1919 in Pueblo, Colorado Wilson collapses from exhaustion October 2, 1919 in Washington D.C. Edith Wilson finds WW on floor in bathroom unconscious and bleeding Suffered a stroke Left side of body paralyzed, blind in left eye His medical condition was kept from everyone until his death in 1924 One citing cause of the 25 th Amendment

8. View of the Treaty

9. The Vote in the Senate November 1919 Wilson informs Democratic Senators to vote against the Treaty with any changes to the original plan. Amended Treaty is defeated March 1920 Again the Treaty of Versailles, with Reservations, was voted down by the US Senate 1921 US concludes separate peace treaties with former enemies.