1. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 1 Phare Water Statistics Budapest, Hungary 23 rd April 2004 Andre-François BOSCHET Benoît FRIBOURG-BLANC

2. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 2 0-IOW Presentation I-Eurowaternet concepts II-Eurowaternet-Emissions III-EWN-e 2003 data collection test IV-Emission factors V-Conclusion

3. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 3 0-IOW presentation Statute and missions u Non profit making association, state approved u Created in 1991 u Missions : –gathering public organizations and private companies in an international network –provider of services of general interest (Training Centre, Information Centre) –Actor of international cooperation for sustainable management of water resources

4. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 4 Water Agencies Public enterprises Local authorities, Municipalities Ministries Cooperation organizations Universities Research Centres Professional organizations Private companies Non Governmental Organizations IOW 149 organizations (17 from foreign countries) A network of partners

5. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 5 Activities and sites PARIS Headquarters (9 employees) LIMOGES National Training Centre (57 employees) National Water Information Centre (21 employees) SOPHIA-ANTIPOLIS International Institute for Water Management (21 employees) 106 permanent employees Sales : 7,4 M.EURO

6. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 6 I-Eurowaternet concepts (Task undergoing as part of the European Topic Centre on Waters Work programme under subvention with European Environment Agency)

7. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 7 II-Eurowaternet-Emissions - A reporting system for all emissions to water, comparable over Europe - long term goal : report only once for multiple (EU and international) uses - short term goal : allow EEA to report on and assess emissions to water, and contribute to the data collection and organisation for comparability

8. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 8 II-Eurowaternet-Emissions PRINCIPLE of EWN-e database Quantity emitted Source Geographical aggregation Time period Substance

9. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 9 PRINCIPLE of EWN-e database  Required data Assessment Unit: area code and area name Source categories: 7 emission sources in EWN-e Individual sources: activities/location behind emissions Determinands: name, amount and unit Temporal Aggregation: year and period EWN-e database tables

10. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 10 PROCESS (1)  Differences between collected data and required data : file format: ACCESS, Excel, etc determinands name emission units: kg/day, kg/year sources categories geographical coverage: country or sub-basin Turn the collected data into the right format

11. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 11 PROCESS (2) Data in original format Table 2 Table 1 Table 3 Table 4 EWN-e database main structure Data converted into Access format and processed

12. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 12 DATABASE STRUCTURE (1)  Main structure tables T_EWN_e_ DETERMINANDS T_EMISSIONS T_PRESSURES T_ASSESSMENT_U NIT T_IND_SOURCES_LI ST T_EWN_e_SOURCES_ CATEGORY

13. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 13 DATABASE STRUCTURE (2)  Relationships: ONE-TO-MANY. Enforced referential integrity (cascade update only) T_ASSESSMENT_U NIT T_EMISSIONS 1  LIST BOX : to facilitate addition of data Ex: Ex: name of determinands, units, emission source in T_Emissions table

14. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 14 Relationships scheme

15. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 15 EUROSTAT-Newcronos III-EWN-e 2003 data collection test

16. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 16 PRB Scheldt

17. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 17 UK (EA)

18. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 18 Some examples of Test indicators Indicator 1 :Trends in emission per Assessment Unit Data source: DENMARK AU: GUDEN A, ARHUS AMT Determinand: Total phosphorus

19. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 19

20. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 20 Indicator 2 : Relative change of emissions between 1985 and 1999 Data source : OSPAR AU: Country

21. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 21 Indicator 3 :Trends in emission per Assessment Unit Data source : EUROSTATAU: Estonia

22. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 22 Indicator 4 : Sectors contribution to overall emission per Assessment Unit and per year Data source: ICPDRAU: Romania, Tisa, MuresYear: 2000

23. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 23 IV-Emission factors 1.Context 2.French TEF 3.Loire-Bretagne pilot study 4.Ifen/IOW study 5.Spanish study (TAU)

24. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 24 1.Context A complex picture…

25. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 25 For each part of the system (sources, collecting systems, treatments) three types can be distinguished: - the biggest often emit most of the pollution and are measured (e.g. facilities in the EPER tool should together represent 90% of the emission of the parameter) - the smaller often emit individually small quantities but can represent together big emissions, and are far less measured (once a week or less) - non point, being difficult to measure are often ignored … BUT to obtain a complete picture asked for by the JQ : a need to calculate or estimate small and non point parts of the system using models and/or statistical data and emission factors

26. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 26 2.French TEF: - Created by the French Water Law 64/1245 - Used since 1964 in each Water Agency, covering France - It is a table giving emission factors for 375 different categories of industries a.Principle  Formula: Emission factor x Characteristic unit = quantity emitted  2 types of emission factors: - raw pollution - net pollution  Regulated emission factors… …supplemented on demand …by measured emission factors

27. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 27 b. Content There are 5 entry to the table - name of the category of polluting activities (letter + name) - code of the category (letter + number) - Characteristic unit (definition + unit) - emission factors dedicated to 9 determinands (SS, Organic matter, Inhibiting matter, Salts, reduced nitrogen, oxidised nitrogen, total phosphorus, AOX, Metox) - observations (dedicated to specific cases)

28. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 28

29. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 29 French TEF: Problems - nomenclature process-oriented, - only industries of >400EH: exclude SMEs - confidentiality (measurement) - specific parameters not linked to CAS or other common classification : MA, MP, MO, METOX - based on month of maximum activity

30. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 30 3.French emission inventory study, diffuse sources: 1-agriculture: a.Principle

31. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 31 French emission inventory study, agriculture: b.Nitrogen input - Atmospheric deposition originates from EMEP - Inorganic fertilisers:  sales at NUTS2 level,  use on each type of crop based on a national survey (NUTS3 level),  and surface of each crop on agriculture census and Corine Land Cover area - Nitrogen fixation by leguminous (alfalfa, peas…)

32. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 32 French emission inventory study, agriculture: c.Nitrogen input : livestock - Number of animals in various categories (Agriculture census) - Calculation more detailed for cows: main contributor - Emission factor for the excretion of each type of animal - Emission factor for the manure produced by each type of animal (manure + volatilisation = excretion) - determinands : Nitrogen, Phosphorus - the methodology takes into account the time outside on fields

33. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 33 French emission inventory study, agriculture: d.Nitrogen output - yields (NUTS3) - Nitrogen content of the products : harvested or fodder used for animals Nitrogen input – Nitrogen output = Nitrogen balance

34. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 34 Practical application: JRC Calculation of Agricultural Nitrogen Quantity for EU River Basins, based on EUROSTAT data at NUTS 2 level (2001)

35. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 35 French emission inventory study, agriculture: Pilot study used a transfer of 30% or 70% based on soil type Further work in course using: - rain water run-off - Soil type - Slope - … - Results available June 2004

36. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 36 French emission inventory study, diffuse sources: 2-urban and industrial/commercial areas a.Principle : Using Corine Land Cover area and the % of impervious area, and an emission factor depending on the determinand (based on bibliography)

37. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 37 b.Practical application Emissions of industrial/commercial and urban areas Diffuse industrial Diffuse urban

38. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 38 4.Emission factors to water : creation of a database a.Point sources : human being

39. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 39 4.Emission factors to water : creation of a database b.Point sources : industries i.final product ii.wastewater discharged

40. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 40 Emission factors to water : creation of a database c.Linear (diffuse) sources

41. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 41 5. A Spanish study conducted by TAU in 2001 - 12 industrial activities, some subdivided, - Factors are calculated from statistical data from the profession and bibliography, (1995) - Factor are on energy, raw material, water consumed, products and by ptoducts, electricity, waste water, waste and emissions - Emissions factors are thus on waste water and water use.

42. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 42 Spanish study: Content - for Waste water Emissions factor, it is mainly process water, thus it is difficult to calculate a factor per unit (e.g. Tonnes) - main parameters : COD, BOD, TSS, N and P, AOX is not very frequent. - tentative link of information gathered to NACE Code, - short description plus scheme of each activity in Spain, - short bibliography on the sources of information.

43. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 43 Spanish study: one example

44. International Office for Water AF.BOSCHET and B.FRIBOURG-BLANC,.PHARE Water statistics, Budapest, Hungary, 23 rd April 2003 slide 44 Conclusion For Waste water statistics improvement - A need to cover all emission sources (point to diffuse, big to small) - A need to be as precise as possible at the optimum cost - A need to share approaches of which emission factors A need for an emission factor database