1. Adipose Tissue V Jonathan grimwoodeddie smith Leah SandersLeah Wagner Fatty Wap Squad (FWS)

2. How does exercise effect levels of adipose tissue?  In general, there appears to be an inverse relationship between physical activity and measures of fat mass and distribution.  Physical activity creates a negative energy balance and in turn will reduce fat mass*.  Reduction of fat mass ultimately depends on the net energy deficit. http://physrev.physiology.org/content/92/1/157.long

3. Aerobic Exercise & Levels of Adipose Tissue  “Exercise Effect on Weight and Body Fat in Men and Women”  Studied the long term effects of aerobic exercise on adiposity in men and women  A 12-month RCT included 102 men and 100 women, all sedentary and unfit  Control: no intervention  Experimental: facility and home-based moderate-to-vigorous aerobic activity  60 min/day, 6 days/week  Results show decreases in body weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences, and total body fat http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1038/oby.2007.178/full

4. How does adipose tissue effect exercise?  Strong inverse relationship between total body fat and aerobic capacity  As body fat increases, CRF decreases.  High body mass, regardless of the cause (high BF or high LBM), decreases VO 2 max relative to body mass

5. “Influence of Excess Adiposity on Exercise Fitness and Performance in Overweight Children and Adolescents”  Hypothesized that the metabolic costs of moving excess mass results in use of a high proportion of their total oxygen reserve.  Compared maximal cycle ergometry tests from 129 severely overweight adolescents and 39 nonoverweight adolescents  VO 2 was taken at a 4-minute period of unloaded cycling, at the lacate threshold, and at maximal exertion  Heart rate taken at rest and at VO 2 max  Participants also completed a 12-minute walk/run rest for distance traveled and HR  Found that overweight adolescents were limited by the increased cardiorespiratory effort required to move larger body mass through space than by cardiorespiratory deconditioning.

6. Issues & Hot Topics: Turning White Fat Into Energy-Burning Brown Fat  Researchers from Columbia University Medical Center have identified a mechanism that can give energy-storing white fat some of the beneficial characteristics of energy-burning brown fat.  White fat can be "browned" with a class of drugs called thiazolidazines (TZDs), which increase the body's sensitivity to insulin.  TZDs have adverse effects -- including liver toxicity, bone loss, and, ironically, weight gain – which limits the use of these drugs.  Findings are based on studies of mice and human fat tissue

7. Issues & Hot Topics: Obesity Discrimination  Individuals are subject to negative bias, prejudice and discrimination in many different settings  workplace  educational institutions  healthcare facilities  Unfortunately, weight bias remains socially acceptable in North American culture; rarely challenged and often ignored.

8. Issues & Hot Topics: Fat Free Talk Week & The Body Project  Designed to get individuals to think about the psychological effect of innocent comments regarding image and weight loss  Brings awareness to the “thin-ideal”  Reject the “thin-ideal”, and accept a healthier and realistic ideal  Embrace non-appearance related characteristics in themselves and in others.