1. Lesson 1 What is Matter?

2. Properties of Matter matter - anything that has mass and takes up space Examples: ice air waterpeople

3. Properties of Matter cont. ●all living and nonliving things are made of matter ●all forms of matter are made of tiny particles that are too small to see ●the arrangement of the particles and their movements determines whether the matter is a solid, liquid, or gas

4. Testing Matter ●use different ways to identify matter ●identify matter by its properties ●can identify many properties of matter through observation by your senses

5. Properties of Matter ●color ●size ●shape ●touch - rough/smooth texturesoft/hard ●smell ●taste ●temperature - response to heat/cold

6. Properties of Matter cont. ●magnetism ●electricity ●hardness/flexibility/breakability ●reaction with water - sink/float ●mixtures/solutions

8. States of Matter ●all matter is made up of tiny particles ●particles are arranged in different ways ●particle movement ●the arrangement and movement of the particles in matter determine its form or state.

9. 3 States of Matter ●solid ●liquid ●gas

10. Water ●usually substances on Earth exist naturally in just one state ●water exists naturally in all 3 states: ●liquid- water ●solid - ice ●gas - water vapor

11. Solids ●temperature 0C or below ●has a definite shape ●a definite amount of space ●closely packed together particles ●particles have some energy: moves back and forth

12. Liquids ●water takes the shape of any container into which it is poured ●shape changes ●doesn’t have a definite shape ●has a definite amount of space ●particles are not held together as tightly as a solid ●particles are able to slide past one another

13. Gas ●water vapor ●invisible ●takes the shape of its container ●expands to fill whatever space is available ●always fills the container it is in ●particles are very far apart

15. Lesson 2 How is Matter Measured? mass - the measure of the amount of matter in an object ●scientists use mass because they want a measurement that will not change if the object is moved to a different location ●the mass of an object does not change unless matter is added to or removed from it ●mass remains the same

16. Mass ●the total mass of all the part equals the mass of the whole object ●your weight on Earth is 6x your weight on the Moon ●weight depends upon the force of gravity

18. Using a Pan Balance ●use a pan balance to compare a mass that you know with one that you do not know ●when the pans are level, the 2 masses are equal ●sum of the parts = the whole

19. Metric Units of Mass gram - the base unit of mass in the metric system ●the metric units that are used to measure mas milligrammg gramg kilogramkg

20. Metric Units of Measure cont. ●the metric unit is based on 10 ●prefixed change the base unit to larger or smaller units ●1,000 mg = 1 g ●1,000 g = 1 kg ●the mass of a large paper clip is 1g ●the mass of a nickel is 5 g ●the mass of milk is 1,000g or 1 kg

22. Volume volume - the amount of space that matter takes up ●a property that can be measured

23. Volume cont. to measure solids you can either: ●count the number of unit cubes that fill it ●use a ruler to measure the length, width, and height of the object length x width x height l x w x h 2 x 5 x 8 = 80 cm

24. Volume cont. use metric units of length: ●cubic centimeters (cm) ●cubic meters(m)

26. Volumet of Liquids ●liquids do not have a definite shape ●to measure a liquid, use a graduated cylinder ●a graduated cylinder is marked with metric units ●metric units used to measure volume: milliliter (mL) and liter (L) ●1L = 1,000 ml

27. Volume of Other Objects ●a graduated cylinder can be used to find the volume of solids that sink in water ●put water into the graduated cylinder ●record its height ●submerger the object in the cylinder’s water ●record its height ●the object pushes away some of the water; the water has risen the same number of milliliters as the volume of the ball

29. Density density - the amount of mass in a certain volume of matter D = M/V

30. Density cont. ●the density of water is 1 ●1 gram of water has a volume of 1 cu. cm. ●an object’s density determines whether it floats or sinks in a liquid ●the substances with the greatest density are near the bottom ●an ice cube floats in water because the density of ice is less than the density of water

31. Density cont. Life Jackets help you stay afloat in water. They are filled with foam or other materials that have densities less than water. A life jacket pushes some of the water out of the way. The life jacket helps you keep your head above the surface of the water.

32. Guided Inquiry Density from highest to lowest density: ●corn syrup ●dish detergent ●water ●corn oil ●the paper clip has the greatest density; it sinks all the way to the bottom

33. Guided Inquiry Density cont. ●the rubber band’s density is less the the density of the corn syrup but greater than the density of the dish detergent ●the styrofoam has the least density of all the liquids or objects, It floats on the top.

36. Lesson 3 How do Substances Mix? mixtures - a combination of 2 or more substances ●made by physically combining 2 or more substances ●all substances in a mixture have the same properties as before they were mixed ●the substances are not mixed with a specified ratio

37. Mixtures cont. ●each substance keeps its own properties ●substances are not chemically combined ●substances can be easily separated ●the properties of the substances can be used to separate the ingredients within the mixture

38. Mixtures cont. mixtures can be separated using the properties of its substances: ●filter - used to separate substances by size ●evaporation - separates liquid and solid ●magnetism ●density ●color ●temperature

39. Mixtures cont. ●solid - solid ●solid - liquid ●solid - gas ●liquid - liquid ●liquid - gas ●gas - gas

40. Solutions solution - one or more substances are dissolved in another substance ●most common kind of solution: a solid dissolved in a liquid ●solute - the substance that is dissolved ●solvent - the substance that takes in, or dissolves the other substance ●usually there is more solvent than solute

41. Common Solutions ●salt water: salt solute; water solvent ●ocean water ●air - a solution made up of gases ●steel - a solution of carbon and iron carbon and iron are melted into liquid form. The carbon is dissolved in the iron ●club soda ●instant cocoa

42. Solubility solubility - ●the ability of one substance to dissolve in another ●a measure of the amount of a substance that will dissolve in another substance

43. Solubility cont. you can speed up the process of dissolving the solute by: ●raise the temperature of the solvent; this is true for most solutes that are solids ●crush the solute; more of the solute’s particles are touching the solvent

44. Solubility cont. ●sand does not dissolve in water; the solubility of sand in water is zero ●club soda - a solution made up of a gas dissolved in a liquid. The solubility of the gas decreases as the temperature of the solvent increases. That is why a club soda “goes flat” faster when it gets warm. As the water becomes warmer, more gas leaves the solution

45. Solubility cont. ●instant cocoa dissolves more quickly in a cup of hot water than in a cup of cold water

51. Lesson 4 How Does Matter Change? ●Matter undergoes physical and chemical changes. In a physical change the size, shape, or state of the substance changes. ●chemical change - a change that forms a new substance with new properties

52. Physical Changes ●physcial change - a change in the size, shape, or state of matter ●does not change the particles that make up matter ●the arrangement of the particles may be moved around Example: mixtures: salt water and peas and carrots

53. Physical Changes cont. Examples of physical changes: ●breaking a pencil ●tearing a sheet of paper ●clay pottery

56. Phase Changes ●solid ●liquid ●gas ●energy can cause the particles in a substance to move faster and farther apart ●add heat energy ●remove heat energy

57. Phase Changes cont. ●add heat energy: solid ice melts to liquid ●remove heat energy: liquid water turns to ice ●every substance changes phases at different temperatures ●melting point - the temperature at which a substance melts is the same temperature at which it freezes

58. Phase Changes cont. ●boiling point - the temperature at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas. The temperature at which the substance evaporates is the same temperature at which it condenses. ●condensation - the changing of a gas into a liquid ●phase changes can be reversed

59. Every substance changes phase ●water freezes into ice; ice melts into water 0C ●water boils; water vapor condenses 100C ●paper starts burning 230C ●some wood burns 250C ●lead melts 328C ●iron melts 1535C

63. Chemical Changes ●chemical change - produces a completerly different kind of matter. Particles of one substance are changed in some way to form particles of a new substance with different properties

64. Evidence of Chemical Changes ●bubble ●color change ●change in smell/odor ●temperature change ●many chemical changes give off heat ●the chemical properties of the materials that were mixed have changed

65. Examples of Chemical Changes ●rust - forms slowly as oxygen combines with iron ●tarnish - results from a chemical change when certain metals, such as silver, react with air ●burning wood - reacts very quickly with oxygen. The new substances formed by this change are ashes, carbon dioxide gas, and water vapor

66. Elements ●the smallest pure substances ●particles are alike ●> 100 known elements ●periodic table - organized information about each element ●the position of each element in the periodic talbe gives inormation about the makeup and properties of each element