1. Romania – National Institute of Statistics 15-17 June 2005, Vienna Material flow accounts Material flow accounts (MFA) Constantin Mindricelu Martinov Dana project manager counselor Department of Forestry and Environment Statistics

2. Romania – National Institute of Statistics 15-17 June 2005, Vienna General overview Environmental accounting (EA) in Romania: - to assess the integrated environment - economy policies; - to develop the sustainable development indicators system; - to comply with EU standards and requests the environmental statistics.

3. Romania – National Institute of Statistics 15-17 June 2005, Vienna Institutional responsibilities on EA Legal base: - Accession chapter 12 – Statistics; -The cooperation protocol between the National Institute of Statistics and the Ministry of Environment and Water Management to develop the environmental statistics in Romania, establishing working groups also for environmental accounting, from which are part: - the National Institute of Statistics; - the Ministry of Environment and Water Management; - the National Agency for Environment Protection.

4. Romania – National Institute of Statistics 15-17 June 2005, Vienna Phare project: - the institution responsible for the implementation is the National Institute of Statistics - the project manager, within the National Institute of Statistics is Mr. Constantin Mindricelu Institutional responsibilities on MFA

5. Romania – National Institute of Statistics 15-17 June 2005, Vienna Project objectives (1) 1. to analyze the policies and problems of environmental data integration into the economical analysis; 2. to clarify the relations between different statistics in order to harmonize the information necessary to compute the MFA; 3. to define the methodological aspects and practical suggestions for the data collection and process, including: definitions, classifications and concepts, the standards and conventions used to express the units of measure; 4. to make recommendations on the accounts types which are priorities for implementation;

6. Romania – National Institute of Statistics 15-17 June 2005, Vienna 5. to analyze data sources and methods to collect data; 6. to develop a national methodology to compute on regular bases the MFA; 7. to make a pilot collection of the data which emphases the material flows from environment to the economy and from economy to the environment; 8. data processing and elaboration of the indicators based on the established methodology and their provision to Eurostat. Project objectives (2)

7. Romania – National Institute of Statistics 15-17 June 2005, Vienna Current status (1) The activities were developed as follows: a) Study of the methodologies recommended by Eurostat and other EU institutions: - Eurostat methodology „Economy – wide material flow accounts and derived indicators – a methodological guide 2001”; - the project „1980 - 1998 Material – Input – Based Indicators Time Series” developed by ISTAT Italy in 2003; - the report for the project „Development of material use in the EU-15: 1970 - 2001, developed by IFF-Social Ecology Vienna in 2004.

8. Romania – National Institute of Statistics 15-17 June 2005, Vienna b) Definition of the informational requests (discussions with the experts from the Ministry of Environment and Water Management, the National Agency of Environment Protection to identify the data requests and the data collected until now). Current status (2)

9. Romania – National Institute of Statistics 15-17 June 2005, Vienna Current status (3) c) Identification of the potential data sources: - analyzes with the responsibles for foreign trade statistics, industrial statistics, agricultural statistics from the National Institute of Statistics to establish the efficiency to use this statistics; - analyzes with the experts from the Ministry of Environment and Water Management, the National Agency of Environment Protection and the National Research and Development Institute for Environment Protection which compute the National Inventories of Air Emissions IPCC and CORINAIR; - analyzes with the experts from the Ministry of Environment and Water Management, the Ministry of Agriculture, Forests and Rural Development and the Ministry of Economy and Commerce regarding several administrative data sources.

10. Romania – National Institute of Statistics 15-17 June 2005, Vienna Current status (4) d) Data collection – currently on progress e) Design of the IT application – currently on progress

11. Romania – National Institute of Statistics 15-17 June 2005, Vienna Data sources (1) Data sources for material inputs Used domestic extraction - Fossil fuels - the data base from energy statistics; - Minerals (metal ores, non – ferrous metal ores, construction minerals) - the data base from industry statistics; - Biomass main vegetable agricultural production Agriculture (main vegetable agricultural production) - the statistical research on vegetables production. The total secondary production The total secondary production - estimation procedures based on the coefficients established for the Agricultural Economic Accounts. The grass grazed on permanent pastures and other lands, including alpines pastures The grass grazed on permanent pastures and other lands, including alpines pastures – estimation procedure based on data from agricultural statistics, as follows: the number of herbivores and coefficients representing the quantity of grass grazed daily by an animal and the number of days from a year representing the graze period.

12. Romania – National Institute of Statistics 15-17 June 2005, Vienna Forestry production - results of statistical researches for the national forestry fund and forestry production (the volume of timber felled - round wood and non – wood products gathered in the forests) The volume of raw materials from forestry is reported in cubic meters. To convert the cubic meters in weight units were used the following coefficients: 0.75 tone / mc for coniferous and 0.85 tone / mc for non – coniferous. Fishing resources - marine fish and fresh water fish - administrative data from the Agricultural, Forestry and Rural Development Ministry. Hunting resources - collected by forestry units - statistical researches on forestry production (Agricultural, Forestry and Rural Development Ministry). Other activities (honey, gathering of mushrooms etc) - the harvested quantities of mushrooms, honey and other non – wood products - statistical researches on forestry production. Data sources (2)

13. Romania – National Institute of Statistics 15-17 June 2005, Vienna Import and export - the official foreign trade statistics, which takes the data from the National Customs Authority (NCA). Indirect flows associated to imports and exports: Agricultural products - coefficients for the transformation of alimentary products into raw materials (for example the transformation of bread in wheat) from the Food Balance Methodology, NIS. Data sources (3)

14. Romania – National Institute of Statistics 15-17 June 2005, Vienna Data sources (4) Data sources for material output Emission to air (CO 2, SO 2, NO x (as NO 2 ), NMVOC, CH 4, CO, PM, N 2 O, NH 3 ) - CORINAIR and IPCC national emission inventories. Wastes landfilled - administrative data on the landfilled waste from the Ministry of Environment and Water Management. Starting with 2003 the data for the quantities of landfilled wastes are collected through the Statistical survey on generation, collection, transportation, recovery, recycling and landfill of wastes, designed according with the 2150/2002 Regulation on waste statistics. Emissions to water (O 2, suspended solids, total N, Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn and for total P) - administrative data at the National Administration of Romanian Waters.

15. Romania – National Institute of Statistics 15-17 June 2005, Vienna Data sources (5) Dissipative use of products The chemical fertilizers applied on the agricultural lands (nitrogenous, phosphates, potassium) - the agricultural statistics data base. The natural fertilizers - statistical researches on animal and vegetables sectors. The pesticides (herbicides, fungicides and insecticides - as active weight) - the agricultural statistics data base. In the “other dissipative uses” were included only the data on solvents use - the CORINAIR National Inventory, for the following SNAP97 (Selected Nomenclature for sources of Air Pollution) processes: 0601 Paint application 0602 Degreasing, dry cleaning and electronics 0603 Chemical products manufacturing or processing 0604 Other use of solvents and related activities

16. Romania – National Institute of Statistics 15-17 June 2005, Vienna Data sources (6) Memorandum items for balancing for input Oxygen and nitrogen for combustions To compute the necessary oxygen quantities consumed during the combustion of fuels the following sthoechiometric equation was used: V O2 =1.864*C C + 0.7*C S +5.553*C H - 0.7*C O2 Where: V O2 = volume of oxygen necessary for a sthoechiometric reaction (m3/kg); C C = carbon content of the fuel (Kg/Kg); C S = sulphur content of the fuel (Kg/Kg); C H = hydrogen content of the fuel (Kg/Kg); C O2 = oxygen content of the fuel (Kg/Kg); Equation constants = sthoechiometric factors (oxygen necessary for the combustion of a kg of carbon, sulphur or hydrogen). Source: CORINAIR Emission Inventory Guidebook, 2003 To compute the nitrogen consumed the combustion of fuels the chemical equilibrium equation was used.

17. Romania – National Institute of Statistics 15-17 June 2005, Vienna Data sources (7) Memorandum items for balancing for input Oxygen for human and livestock respiration Humans - estimated with the help of the experts from the Institute of Labor Medicine and the Public Health Institute. Animals - estimated based on an average coefficient of around 5 tone of air per ton of live weight of livestock, according with the Italian report “1980-1998 Material-Input-Based Indicators Time Series and 1997 Material Balance of the Italian Economy”. Water consumption for livestock Water consumption by livestock will be estimated based on the number of animals and coefficients obtained through National PHARE Programme 2001 – „Compliance of Romanian Statistics with European Statistical System”, “Water statistics” component.

18. Romania – National Institute of Statistics 15-17 June 2005, Vienna Memorandum items for balancing for output Water vapors from combustion The data sources are the Romanian National Energy Balance for fossil fuels and the Ministry of Environment and Water Management for the water and H 2 content of each energy product. Respiration of humans and livestock Humans (CO 2 and water vapor) - estimated with the help of the experts from the Institute of Labor Medicine and the Public Health Institute. Animals - estimated based on an average coefficient of around 7 tons CO 2 and 8 tons H 2 O per ton of live weight of livestock according with “1980-1998 Material-Input-Based Indicators Time Series and 1997 Material Balance of the Italian Economy”. Data sources (8)

19. Romania – National Institute of Statistics 15-17 June 2005, Vienna Stock of infrastructure and buildings can be estimated based on the main construction materials: sand, natural stones, steel and other metals, from the PRODROM survey. The quantities of material stocked (net accumulation) could be estimated based on the data obtain from the PRODROM survey, as follows: - for sand, gravel, marble could be used the data on products deliveries from the NACE activities 14.1, 14.2, 14.5; - for clay and limestone could be used the data on products deliveries from the NACE activities 26 and the coefficients of transformation of products (bricks, cement) into raw materials; - for installations, machinery and machines the data on products deliveries from the NACE activities 28-35. Data sources (9)

20. Romania – National Institute of Statistics 15-17 June 2005, Vienna Problems encountered Difficulties in data collection due to a) lack of sources for some data; b) data confidentiality (according with the national laws); c) differences between the national classifications and the Eurostat MFA methodology classification of products; d) incompatibility of the measure units for different products (electric energy, animal tissue – imports and exports).

21. Romania – National Institute of Statistics 15-17 June 2005, Vienna Problems encountered - lack of sources for some data - domestic extractions – some minerals (metal ores, industrial minerals, construction minerals) - lack of sources for some data

22. Romania – National Institute of Statistics 15-17 June 2005, Vienna Problems encountered - domestic extractions Non-ferrous metal ores Are no longer extracted Bauxite (Aluminum) Uranium Tungsten Are not extracted in our country Industrial minerals Peat for agricultural use Other Abrasives natural (pumice, volcanic cinder etc.) Diamonds, gems Diamonds industrial Magnesite Mica Sulphur Construction minerals Asphalt

23. Romania – National Institute of Statistics 15-17 June 2005, Vienna Problems encountered - imports and exports - for some goods are no import/export or import/export data are in monetary values and are not significant and for others the data are confidential; - packaging (the foreign trade statistics dose not cover the packaging materials imported/exported with products) and waste (the pilot study on waste import and export was finalized in 2005); - agriculture - for some products are no available data, others are not cultivated in our country or for others the production is not significant. - in the national survey some products are grouped, but in the Eurostat MFA methodology classification the products are requested separately.

24. Romania – National Institute of Statistics 15-17 June 2005, Vienna Problems encountered - unused domestic extraction – mining and quarrying (direct data request to the mining companies) and soil excavation (indirect data source – coefficients applied in the “Total material requirement of the European Union”); - indirect flows associated with imports – raw materials, semi-manufactured products, finished products (indirect data source – coefficients applied in the “Total material requirement of the European Union”).

25. Romania – National Institute of Statistics 15-17 June 2005, Vienna - dissipative use of products – fertilizers and pesticides applied are surveyed as active substances and are no data for sewage sludge and compost used in agriculture ; - dissipative losses – for soil erosion – agriculture based on a coefficient developed by Research Institute for Soil Science and Agrochemistry in 1982. Problems encountered