2. Interactive Time Line Milestone: Rise of American RomanticismMilestone: Rise of American Romanticism Milestone: The Louisiana Purchase Milestone: Education and Reform Milestone: Transcendental Influence Milestone: The Gold Rush Milestone: The Slavery Issue What Have You Learned? Feature Menu American Romanticism 1800–1860

3. 1803 The Louisiana Purchase Choose a link on the time line to go to a milestone. 182018001840 1860 1800 Rise of American Romanticism 1830s–1850s Transcendental Influence 1849 The Gold Rush 1850–1859 The Slavery Issue 1826 Lyceum Movement American Romanticism 1800–1860

4. Characteristic Romantic journey to the countryside, away from city Reaction Against Rationalism Value placed on nature and exotic settings Cities filled with poor living conditions and disease Rise of American Romanticism

5. Poetry highest expression of imagination Romantic Escapism Found beauty in exotic locales and supernatural Valued feelings and intuition over reason Rise of American Romanticism

6. Fireside Poets Wrote about American settings and subject matter using traditional styles and forms Rise of American Romanticism Very popular— families read their poems at family firesides for entertainment Henry Wadsworth Longfellow John Greenleaf Whittier Oliver Wendell Holmes James Russell Lowell

7. James Fenimore Cooper’s Natty Bumppo is the first American heroic figure Romantic Heroes Typical Romantic hero youthful, innocent intuitive, close to nature Frontier life idealized in novels Rise of American Romanticism

8. immediately doubled in size Westward Expansion paid about four cents an acre for the land The United States The Louisiana Purchase gained all land between Mississippi River and Rocky Mountains Louisiana Purchase “Oh Susanna! Polka”

9. More people moved into frontier areas. Westward Expansion President Jefferson sent Lewis and Clark to explore western territory. Louisiana purchase launched 100 years of westward expansion. The Louisiana Purchase

10. American movement founded in Massachusetts The Lyceum Movement Sought to teach adults, train teachers, and institute social reforms Original Lyceum founded in Greece in 335 B.C. Education and Reform

11. Lyceums led to new ways of thinking and the establishment of museums and libraries. The Lyceum Movement Ralph Waldo Emerson was one of the most popular speakers. People went to lyceums for lectures. Emerson lecturing in Concord, Massachusetts Education and Reform

12. Abolitionists worked to end slavery. Other Reform Movements Horace Mann worked to improve public education. Dorothea Dix worked to help mentally ill people. Feminists campaigned for women’s rights Education and Reform Dorothea DixHorace Mann

13. Intuition allows people to behold God’s spirit revealed in nature or in their own souls. True Reality Is Spiritual Physical facts of natural world are a doorway to spiritual world. Everything, including humans, is a reflection of Divine Soul. Spontaneous feelings are superior to intellectualism and rationality. Transcendental Influence

14. Optimism appealed to people living in period of economic downturn, strife, and conflict Ralph Waldo Emerson Had an extremely optimistic view of the world and nature Combined beliefs from Europe and Asia with Puritan, revival, and Romantic traditions Published important essays such as “Self-Reliance” and “The Over-Soul” Transcendental Influence

15. Dark Romantics Explored conflict between good and evil and the effects of guilt and sin Shared many beliefs with the Transcendentalists Transcendental Influence Edgar Allan PoeNathaniel Hawthorne Herman Melville

16. New towns and cities were founded along routes to California and near mining sites. The Rush West Tens of thousands traveled west, hoping for wealth. Gold was discovered in Sutter’s Mill, California. The Gold Rush

17. Led to building of the transcontinental railroad New Frontiers Led to new settlements along the land route and west coast Journey to California long and dangerous The Gold Rush

18. opened territories to slavery A Nation Divided Compromise was overturned by Kansas- Nebraska Act, which Missouri Compromise barred slavery west of Missouri. The Slavery Issue led to violence in Kansas and to the founding of the antislavery Republican Party

19. Dred Scott decision denied Congress right to prohibit slavery in territories. A Nation Divided John Brown’s raid at Harpers Ferry led to more violence. The Slavery Issue Dred Scott John Brown Burning of Harper’s Ferry

20. ______ Novelists popularize the American Romantic hero. ______ Western New York represents frontier of the country. ______ The first transcontinental railroad is built. ______ Education reform begins in Massachusetts. Indicate whether the following statements refer to the time before, during, or after the Gold Rush. after before during before What Have You Learned?

21. The End

22. Indian Pass Thomas Cole (1801– 1848) was a leader in the school of American landscape painting that looked to untamed nature as its subject. Activity: What attitudes toward nature are suggested by this painting? Viewing the Art

23. In this painting of the Adirondack Mountains, Cole erases all signs of white settlement and depicts an American Indian as the lone inhabitant.