1. Romanticism 1800-1860

2. Deism Belief that God made it possible for all people at all times to discover natural laws through their God- given power to reason Different religious backgrounds Belief that universe is orderly and good Best form of worship is to do good for others Leading up to the Romanticism Period:

3. Reaction against rationalism Value feeling and intuition over reason “A journey away from the corruption of civilization and the limits of rational thought and toward the integrity of nature and the freedom of the imagination” Art = intuitive, “felt” experience Poetry = highest and most sublime embodiment of the imagination Attacked science Romanticism:

4. Characteristics of American Romanticism 1.Values feeling & intuition over reason 2.Places faith in inner experiences & the power of the imagination 3.Shuns the artificiality of civilization and seeks unspoiled nature 4.Prefers youthful innocence to educated sophistication 5.Champions individual freedom & the worth of the individual 6.Contemplates nature’s beauty as a path to spiritual and moral development

5. Characteristics of American Romanticism (continued) 7.Looks backward to the wisdom of the past & distrusts progress 8.Finds beauty & truth in exotic locales, the supernatural realm, and the inner world of the imagination 9.Sees poetry as the highest expression of the imagination 10.Finds inspiration in myth, legend, and folk culture

6. Romanticism – Inspiration Westward expansion / development of the frontier

7. Characteristics of the American Romantic Hero 1.Young, or possesses youthful qualities 2.Is innocent & pure of purpose 3.Has a sense of honor based not on society’s rules but on some higher principle 4.Has a knowledge of people & of life based on deep, intuitive understanding, not on formal learning 5.Loves nature & avoids town life 6.Quests for some higher truth in the natural world

8. “Fireside Poets” Poets: Henry Wadsworth Longfellow John Greenleaf Whittier Oliver Wendell Holmes James Russell Lowell William Cullen Bryant Subject matter: Love, patriotism, nature, family, God, & religion Celebrations of American people, places, & events Structured, standard meter, “pretty” style

9. Romantic painting stylistic tendencies: softer edges and colors, diffuse light subject tendencies: nature, human figures in background, human figures diminished, human figures not historical but fictional or “types” Heade, Hummingbirds & Orchids Classical (eighteenth century; “Enlightenment,” scientific revolution, “Age of Reason”) stylistic tendencies: hard edges, clear colors, focused light subject tendencies: historical figures, social and historical settings, human figures in foreground Audubon, Gyrfalcon

10. Indian Pass by Thomas Cole

11. Kindred Spirits by Asher Brown Durand

12. Landscape scene from the Last of the Mohicans by Thomas Cole

13. Niagara Falls by Frederic Edwin Church

14. Romanticism The true beginnings of American Literature, true American style