1. Self-Presence In Virtual Environments Leo Yeykelis Ph.D. Candidate, Communication, Stanford University

2. Motivation

4. Self-presence Conceptual definition: – “a psychological state in which virtual self/selves are experienced as the actual self in either sensory or nonsensory ways.” (Lee, 2004) – “broadly defined as the extent to which some aspect of a person’s…self is relevant during media use.” (Ratan, 2010)

5. Out of Body Experience Conceptual definition: – “the experience in which a person who is awake sees his or her body from a location outside the physical body” (Ehrsson, 2007) – also referred to as “moving a human centre of awareness from one body to another” and “body swapping” (Petkova, 2008)

6. Self-presence or OBE?

7. Current Works Ehrsson, 2007

8. Current Works Ratan & Hasler, 2010

9. Current Works Slater et al., 2010

10. Current Works Petkova & Ehrsson, 2008

11. My Study Replication of Petkova & Ehrsson (2008), with the following modifications: – Immersive VR instead of mannequin – Addition of no touch condition – Added self-presence and spatial presence measures

13. Measures Petkova & Ehrsson’s 7 point Likert questionnaire Modified Ratan’s “Proto Self-Presence” questions VHIL self-presence and spatial presence questionnaire

17. Implications OBE = self-presence? Gender Touch significantly improves inducing an out of body experience, but only if it is synced with the virtual touch But…is touch (in the physical world) necessary?

18. Follow-up Studies Behavioral DVs – Physio responses to “threatening” objects (e.g. virtual spear), another avatar’s touch, temperature shifts (e.g. virtual fire), avatar’s foot movement Avatar modifications – mimics the participants movements (sync vs. async), looks like the participant, 3 rd person vs. 1 st person Ideas/feedback

19. Q & A