1. How has the Equal Protection clause of the 14 th Amendment changed the Constitution?

2. What is meant by “Equal Protection of the Laws?” The 14th Amendment says that no state may Equal opportunity  laws against discrimination so everyone The 14 th Amendment does NOT GUARANTEE: –Equality of condition  the outcomes of life

3. Southerners enact “Jim Crow Laws:” –Designed to limit the Plessy v. Ferguson: –Supreme Court argues separate, but equal, facilities are What was the “Separate But Equal” doctrine, and what was its effect?

4. Why did the Supreme Court abandon “Separate but equal” NAACP believed school integration NAACP proved over and over that Brown v. Board of Education: –The Supreme Court unanimously decided that

5. How has the Supreme Court’s interpretation of the equal protection clause changed since Brown? Level One: Strict Scrutiny: –Laws that deny or dilute the right to vote, impede interstate travel,

6. How has the Supreme Court’s interpretation of the equal protection clause changed since Brown? Level Two: Intermediate Scrutiny: –Governments that distinguish between groups because of

7. Level Three: –All other laws that create classifications –In order to overturn the law, the group How has the Supreme Court’s interpretation of the equal protection clause changed since Brown?

8. What controversies remain in the arena of equal protection of the laws? Affirmative action  gives preferential treatment to those Is intermediate scrutiny Should mentally handicapped, gays/lesbians be treated as