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Cell Anatomy
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Cell Basic unit of living organisms ~60% water
Bathed in interstitial fluid (external) Vary in shape and function 3 main regions Nucleus, plasma membrane, cytoplasm
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Nucleus Control center, contains genes 3 regions Nuclear envelope
Double membrane Nucleoli Site of ribosome assembly Chromatin Genetic material Condenses to form chromosomes during cell division
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Plasma Membrane Barrier between cell contents and environment
Lipid bi-layer, cholesterol, proteins Assembled tail to tail Head – hydrophilic Tail- hydrophobic Selective permeability
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Plasma Membrane Specialized Parts
Microvilli Folds, increase surface area Membrane junctions Tight junctions Connect cells in sheets Desmosomes Anchor, prevents pulling apart Gap junctions Communication
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Cytoplasm Internal cellular material Contains three elements Cytosol
Fluid that suspends the other elements Inclusions Stored products/nutrients Organelles Metabolic machinery
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Cell Organelles Mitochondria – site of ATP generation
Ribosomes – site of protein synthesis Endoplasmic reticulum – fluid filed tubules Rough ER – studded with ribosomes Smooth ER – lipid metabolism, detoxification Golgi apparatus- flattened stack of sacs, modifies and packages Lysosomes – cell demolition site Peroxisomes – detoxifies poisons and reactive chemicals
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Cell Organelles Cytoskeleton - Internal framework Cell projections
Composed of Intermediate filaments – resist forces Microfilaments – cell motility, shape changes Microtubules – determine shape, organelle distribution Cell projections Cillia – hair like appendages Flagella – long projections, motility
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Cell diversity Over 200 types in the human body
All vary in shape and function Specialized Connect Cover Move Storage Fight disease Control/information gathering Reproductive
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Cell diversity
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