1. Calico Flower Aristolochia littoralis syn. A. elegans (Parodi) Aristolochiaceae

2. Biology Also known as calico vineAlso known as calico vine Evergreen, climbing vineEvergreen, climbing vine Native to BrazilNative to Brazil Used in herbal preparations for ailmentsUsed in herbal preparations for ailments However, plants are highly toxic containing aristolochic acidHowever, plants are highly toxic containing aristolochic acid

3. Background Economic Uses Ornamental vineOrnamental vine Colorful and unique pipe- shaped flowersColorful and unique pipe- shaped flowers

4. Distribution Naturalized in areas of north and central FloridaNaturalized in areas of north and central Florida –Generally as a direct escape from cultivation However, seed are winged and could invade non-disturbed sitesHowever, seed are winged and could invade non-disturbed sites

5. Impacts Category II invasive species (FLEPPC)Category II invasive species (FLEPPC) –Limited spread into undisturbed sites Weighs down native plants, smothers and causes collapse under the vegetative massWeighs down native plants, smothers and causes collapse under the vegetative mass Above and below ground biomass, perennial rootstocksAbove and below ground biomass, perennial rootstocks

6. Identification

7. Mature Plant Climbing vine, evergreen/perennialClimbing vine, evergreen/perennial Grows 10 to15 feet in lengthGrows 10 to15 feet in length Slender woody to wiry stems that tightly coil around stationary objectsSlender woody to wiry stems that tightly coil around stationary objects

8. Leaves Alternately arrangedAlternately arranged Broadly cordateBroadly cordate –3 to 4 inches long –2 to 4 inches wide

9. Flowers Dark blackish purple in colorDark blackish purple in color Tubular shape, flared at mouthTubular shape, flared at mouth Nearly 3 inchesNearly 3 inches Odor similar to rotting meat – attract pollinatorsOdor similar to rotting meat – attract pollinators Seed pod is a dehiscent capsule with winged seeds Seed pod is a dehiscent capsule with winged seeds

10. Management PreventativeCulturalMechanicalBiologicalChemical

11. Preventative 1.Limit planting as an ornamental 2.Remove existing plants, including resprouts and before seeds are produced

12. Cultural 1.Alternative landscape plants to replace calico flower 2.Programs to educate homeowners about the problems associated with this plant and proper identification 3.Maintain good ground cover and mixture of plant species to reduce establishment

13. Biological 1.There are no known biological control agents available for calico flower management in Florida or the southeastern U.S.

14. Mechanical 1.Hand pull young seedlings, including all roots, repeated pulling for resprouts 2.Cutting or mowing vines at ground level is effective, but must repeat

15. Chemical 1.Use a basal bark application of triclopyr at 100% solution at the base of the vine, close to the root as possible; do not cut vines 2.Retreatment likely to control regrowth and vines missed in initial application

17. Useful Links Floridata Homepage: http://www.floridata.com/main_fr.cfm?state =Welcome&viewsrc=welcome.htm http://www.floridata.com/main_fr.cfm?state =Welcome&viewsrc=welcome.htm University of Florida Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants: http://aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu/welcome.html http://aquat1.ifas.ufl.edu/welcome.html University of Florida’s Cooperative Extension Electronic Data Information Source: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/index.htmlhttp://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/index.html

18. Useful Links The Plant Conservation Alliance's Alien Plant Working Group. Weeds Gone Wild: Alien Plant Invaders of Natural Areas: http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/index.htm http://www.nps.gov/plants/alien/index.htm Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk (PIER). Plant Threats to Pacific Ecosystems: http://www.hear.org/pier/threats.htm http://www.hear.org/pier/threats.htm Invasive Plants of the Eastern United States: http://www.invasive.orghttp://www.invasive.org

19. Literature Cited Langeland, K.A. and K. Craddock Burks. 1998. Identification and Biology of Non- Native Plants in Florida's Natural Areas. IFAS Publication SP 257. University of Florida, Gainesville. 165 pp