1. CTA Spirals Progressions for English Language Arts and Literacy
Bridging and Scaffolding Student Learning

2. What’s the Difference Between the 1997 Standards and the Common Core Standards?
Focused on CONTENT...
The WHAT
Students will know…
Students will remember…
Students will understand…
Common Core Standards
Focused on SKILLS…The HOW
Career and College Readiness Skills
Critical thinking skills
- Analyze
- Compare and Contrast
- Show evidence
- Synthesize
- Create

3. Bloom’s Taxonomy Updated
Creating
Generating new ideas, products,
or ways of viewing things
Designing, constructing, planning,
producing, inventing.
Evaluating
Justifying a decision or course of action
Checking, hypothesizing, critiquing,
experimenting, judging
Analysing
Breaking information into parts to explore understandings and relationships
Comparing, organizing, deconstructing,
interrogating, finding
2010 Common Core Standards
Applying
Using information in another familiar situation
Implementing, carrying out, using, executing
1997 Standards
Understanding
Explaining ideas or concepts
Interpreting, summarizing, paraphrasing, classifying, explaining
Remembering
Recalling information
Recognizing, listing, describing, retrieving, naming, finding

4. Webb, 2006

5. The CCSS Requires Three Shifts in English Language Arts and Literacy
Building knowledge through content-rich nonfiction
Reading, writing, and speaking grounded in evidence from text, both literary and informational
Regular practice with complex text and its academic language

6. Balanced Representation of Literary and Informational Text
2009 NAEP Reading Assessment: Distribution of
Literary and Informational Passages
Grade
Literary
Informational 4
50% 8
45%
55% 12
30%
70%
The majority of texts that students are expected to read in college and in workforce training are non-fiction.
As you can see from this chart, the National Assessment of Educational Progress also emphasizes the reading of informational texts.
The Common Core standards address this by making informational text a focus of student learning and including specific standards to develop literacy in history/social studies, science, and technical subjects.
Source: National Assessment Governing Board, (2008),
Reading framework for the 2009 National Assessment of
Educational Progress,

7. Focus on Writing
2011 NAEP Writing Framework: Distribution of Communicative Purposes by Grade Level
Grade
To Persuade
To Explain
To Convey Experience 4
30%
35% 8 12
40%
20%

8. Three Big Ideas Literacy is everyone’s job
Students must read complex texts independently and proficient in every discipline
Students must write argumentative and explanatory texts in every discipline

9. Activity
Using the Spirals