1. ILC Accelerator SCRF R&D Plan and Organization Presented by Akira Yamamoto for ILC-GDE Project Managers Marc Ross, Nick Walker, and A. Yamamoto To be presented at KEK LC Review, July 22, 2009 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto 1 ILC-GDE SCRF Plan

2. 2 Outline Introduction R&D Status Plan for Technical Design Phase Industrialization Accelerator Design and Integration (AD&I) Summary 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan

3. SCRF Technology Required ParameterValue C.M. Energy500 GeV Peak luminosity2x10 34 cm -2 s -1 Beam Rep. rate5 Hz Pulse time duration1 ms Average beam current 9 mA (in pulse) Av. field gradient31.5 MV/m # 9-cell cavity 14,560 # cryomodule 1,680 # RF units560 3 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan

4. Technical Design Report to be completed by 2012 Reference Design, 2007 >> Technical Design Phase, 2008-2012 We are now at the stage of progressing from the RD to TD 4 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan

5. GDE: ILC Timeline Reference Design Report (RDR) GDE process TDP 2 LHC physics 200520062007200820122009201020112013 Ready for Project Submission Tech. Design Phase (TDP) 1 5 ILC-GDE SCRF Plan We are here 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto

6. Global SCRF Technology ILC-GDE SCRF Plan 6  KEK, Japan   SLAC  JLAB  Cornell  DESY  LAL Saclay  INFN Milan  IHEP, China  TRIUMF, Canada FNAL, ANL GDE  STFC  BARC, RRCAT India 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto

7. GDE Project Structure 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan 7

8. Technical Areas and Groups Engineering and Scientific Management 25 (16 below PM) –7 Asia –7 EU –11 Americas 8 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan L.Lilje >> R. Geng Susanna Guiducci (infn)

9. Global Plan for SCRF R&D A Summary Calender Year 200720082009201020112012 Technical Design PhaseTDP-1TDP-2 Cavity Gradient R&D to reach 35 MV/m Process Yield > 50% Production Yield >90% Cavity-string test: with 1 cryomodule Global collab. For System Test with beam 1 RF-unit (3-modulce) FLASH (DESY)STF2 (KEK) NML (FNAL) 9 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan R&D/prepare for Industrialization

10. Cavity- and Cryomodule-String Program (S1G, S2) at KEK, Japan C. Year2008200920102011201220132014 Cavity String (S1-Global) Cavity>>Ins Test Cryomodule String Test (S2)*High Pressure Code Regulation/Stamp to be applied Quant. Beam* (Compact L.S.) Cavity>>Inst.Test Cryomodule 1*Cavity>> Ins & T Cryomodule 2,3* Cavity>> InsIns & T Technical Design Phase Development to be continued 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan 10 R&D/Prepare for Industrialization

11. 11 TDP Goals of ILC-SCRF R&D Cavity Field Gradient 35 MV/m with individual cavity in vertical test (S0) Cavity-string Assembly in Cryomodule 31.5 MV/m in average (S1, S1-Global) “Plug-compatible” cavity assembly with: Encouraging improvement and ‘creative work’ in R&D Motivating global share of advanced technology Accelerator System Beam Acceleration with SCRF Accelerator Unit (S2) Industrial Production R&D Preparation for cavity production, quality control, and cost saving 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan

12. Status of 9-Cell Cavity Europe (DESY, Saclay) Gradient: > ~ 40 MV/m (max), Industrial (bulk) EP demonstrated Field emission reduced with ethanol rinsing Surface process with baking in Ar-gas Americas (Jlab, Cornell, FNAL/ANL) Gradient: > ~ 40 MV/m (max), Field emission reduced by Ultrasonic Degreasing with Detergent Asia (KEK, IHEP, RRCAT) Gradient: 36MV/m (LL, KEK-JLab), 32 MV/m (TESLA-like, KEK) 12 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan

13. Standard Procedure Established Standard Fabrication/Process FabricationNb-sheet purchasing Component Fabrication Cavity assembly with EBW ProcessEP-1 (~150um) Ultrasonic degreasing with detergent, or ethanol rinse High-pressure pure-water rinsing Hydrogen degassing at > 600 C Field flatness tuning EP-2 (~20um) Ultrasonic degreasing or ethanol (or EP 5 um with fresh acid) High-pressure pure-water rinsing Antenna Assembly Baking at 120 C Cold Test (vertical test) Performance Test with temperature and mode measurement 13 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan Key Process Fabrication Material EBW Shape Process Electro-Polishing Ethanol Rinsing or Ultra sonic. + Detergent Rins. High Pr. Pure Water cleaning

14. 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan 14 Global Yield of Cavities Recently Tested at Jlab and DESY 23 tests, 11 cavities One Vendor 48 Tests, 19 cavities ACCEL, AES, Zanon, Ichiro, Jlab 50% Yield 45 % at 35 MV/m being achieved by cavities with a qualified vendor !! 14 A Summary from TTC-08 (IUAC), ILC-08 (Chicago) by H. Padamsee

15. Progress Towards High-Gradient Yield 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan 15 Recent DESY/JLab “production” series. Total 39 cavities (08/09) Mostly result of first cold-test (few cases second-test) Field Emission greatly reduced (rinses)  identified RDR barrier Baseline gradient re- evaluation (TDP1) expected to be based on sample of >60 cavities Current status: 50% yield at ~ 33 MV/m; (80% >25MV/m) Current status: 50% yield at ~ 33 MV/m; (80% >25MV/m)

16. What we need to make clear? Reported by Date of Rep. # of cavities ordered # of cavities accepted & meas. # of cavities w/ EP processed # of meas. after EP Yield at 35 MV/m Note/ Understandi ng TTC H. Padamsee 08/10? 19 (48) ~50% ~25 %Process Y. DESY: D. Reschke W. Singer, L. Lilje, 09/03? 25 25 +? ~40 % Accepted Product. Y. Jlab R. Geng 09/0214 14+? ~50 %Product. Y. DESY H. Weise 09/0544+? 4444x~0.6 44x0.6+ ? 15 % Accepted Produc. Y. 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan 16 We need more clear definition and rule to plot the yield

17. Creation of a Global Database for Better Understanding of “Production Yield” in TDP-2 Global Data Base Team formed: –Camille Ginsburg (Fermilab) – Team Leader & Data Coordination –Zack Conway (Cornell University) –Sebastian Aderhold (DESY) –Yasuchika Yamamoto (KEK) –Rongli Geng (JLab) – GDE-SCRF Cavity TA Group Leader Activity Plan/Schedule –End July 2009: - Determine whether DESY-DB is viable option, –Sept. 28 - Oct. 2, 2009: (ALCPG/GDE) - Dataset web-based - Support by FNAL-TD or DESY - Some well-checked, easily explainable, and near-final plots, available, –End Nov. 2009: - Finalize DB tool, web I/F, standard plots, with longer-term tool improvement plans 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto 17 ILC-GDE SCRF Plan

18. 18 Outline Introduction R&D Status Plan for Technical Design Phase Industrialization Accelerator Design and Integration (AD&I) Summary 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan

19. Push Quench Limit: Defects from material Defect from fabrication (EBW) Renewed studies Push Quench & field emission Limit Classical defect/field emitter EP specific… Two Pushes Ahead 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto 19 ILC-GDE SCRF Plan

20. 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan 20 Plug Compatibility R&D Phase –Encourage creative work and innovation for performance improvement from a common baseline –Global transfer of information –Sharing of components to continue progress world wide despite outside uncertainties –Development of the RDR design for system tests and in preparation for construction phase Production/Construction Phase –Keep competitive condition with free market/multiple-suppliers, and effort for const-reduction, –Keep flexibility to accept industrial effort, with features and constraints, to reduce the cost under acceptable flexibilities, –Maintain intellectual regional expertise base

21. 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan 21 Cavity: Plug-compatible Interface Component interfaces are reduced to the minimum necessary to allow for system assembly

22. 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan 22 Plug-compatibility Plug Compatibility could be applied from a level of the whole cryomodule, to the smallest component. During R&D, it is appropriate to set boundaries such that technical components can be most efficiently addressed.

23. S1-Global Collaboration ILC-GDE SCRF Plan 23  KEK, Japan 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto  FNAL x2 DESY x2 x4  INFN Milan Complement ary activity to regional cryomodule development

24. SRF Test Facilities ILC-GDE SCRF Plan 24  KEK, Japan  DESY  FNAL TTF/FLASH ~1 GeV ILC-like beam ILC RF unit (* lower gradient) NML facility Under construction first beam 2010 ILC RF unit test STF (phase I & II) Under construction first beam 2011 ILC RF unit test 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto

25. A string test in each region Complementary testing: –Each region must develop industry and must develop ‘ownership’ of this critical technology No one system will exactly represent the baseline reference design RF unit design (before 2012) –FNAL:beam format [under review] –KEK:number of cryomodules [1 (of 3) by end 2012] –DESY:gradient [~27MV/m average over 3 cryomodules] Strategy must account for infrastructure limitations and construction schedules at each of the three main linac test facilities under development. 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan 25

26. TTF/FLASH Accelerator Layout 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan 26 Comparison of machine parameters ACC456 is main focus of 9mA RF studies XFELILCFLAS H design 9mA studies Bunch charge nC13.213 # bunches325026257200 * 2400 Pulse length ss 650970800 CurrentmAmA 5999

27. 27 Beam Acceleration Test Plan with RF unit at Fermilab and KEK in TDP-2 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan

28. High Pressure Code Management Element Production KHK 特定設備申請 Company E Cryogenics KEK site Construction Ibaraki L. Gov. 工事／変更申請 On-siteCavity and CryomoduleAssembly On-site cosntruction Beam-line installation And Inpsection 完成検査 KEK: 茨城県に完成検査申請 Existing Facility

29. 29 Outline Introduction R&D Status Plan for Technical Design Phase Industrialization Accelerator Design and Integration (AD&I) Summary 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan

30. Toward Industrialization Global status of Industries –Research Instruments and Zanon in Europe –AES, Niowave, PAVAC in Americas –MHI in Asia Industrial Capacity: status and scope –No company currently has required ILC capacity –Understand what is needed (and cost) by 2012 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan 30 Project Scope Euro XFEL~8002 years~1 cavity / day Project X~4003 years~2 cavities/ week ILC~15,5004 years~20 cavities / day (  3 regions ~7 cavities / day)

31. Visit to Cavity Manufacturers: 2009 ILC-GDE SCRF Plan 31 Asia MHI Europe: RI << ACCEL ZANON Amecas: AES NIOWAVE PAVAC 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto Notes: AES: Advanced Energy Systems RI: Research Instruments (previously, ACCEL) MHI: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries

32. Visit to Cavity Manufacturers: 2009 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan 32 Company # employees FeaturesDate AES~26Experience with RICH magnet production in the previous company, Dedicated for SC/NC RF technology Feb. 24 NIOWAVE~40A New company dedicated for Niobium and microwave technology Feb. 25 ACCEL/RI~100Most experienced company with SCRF, and adaptable for production scale of European XFEL Mar. 4 ZANON~200Much experienced with plumbing work and SCRF cavities, and with HERA cryostat, Adaptable for scale of European XFEL Mar. 6 MHI>>1,000A leading company in heavy-industries in Japan, and experienced with SC/NC RF cavities and accelerator technologies Mar. 10 PAVAC~30 A unique features with EBW machine itself and SCRF cavity manufacturing May 7

33. Industrialization and cost reduction Re-visit previous effort, and update the cost- estimate for production –Review the RDR cost estimate (based on TESLA) –Include recent R&D experience (industry/lab) Encourage R&D Facilities for industrialization –Develop cost-effective manufacturing, quality control and cost-reduction in cooperation with industry Reflect the R&D progress for cost-reduction –Baseline  Forming, EBW, assembly work… 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan 33

34. A Plan for R&D facilities and Preparation for Industrialization Bench-mark R&D facility (pilot plant) to study cost-effective manufacturing, –Forming and preparation machining, –Pre-surface treatment and preparation, –EBW process with efficient automation, –In-line Inspection during fabrication process for quick-feedback, R&D facilities to be sited at Laboratories –Effort to seek for the most cost-efficient manufacturing with keeping information to be open, –Development to seek for a bench-mark, manufacturing facilities (design and/or itself can be applicable for the real production. –It is important for industries to participate to the program since Day-1. for planning. We may discuss a possibility –An industrial meeting to be held as a satellite meeting at the 1 st IPAC, Kyoto, May, 2010. 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan 34

35. Standard Procedure Established Standard Fabrication/Process FabricationNb-sheet purchasing Component Fabrication Cavity assembly with EBW ProcessEP-1 (~150um) Ultrasonic degreasing with detergent, or ethanol rinse High-pressure pure-water rinsing Hydrogen degassing at > 600 C Field flatness tuning EP-2 (~20um) Ultrasonic degreasing or ethanol (or EP 5 um with fresh acid) High-pressure pure-water rinsing Antenna Assembly Baking at 120 C Cold Test (vertical test) Performance Test with temperature and mode measurement 35 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan Key Process Fabrication Material EBW Shape Process Electro-Polishing Ethanol Rinsing or Ultra sonic. + Detergent Rins. High Pr. Pure Water cleaning

36. Field Gradient and Industrial R&D Research and Development for Cavity Field Gradient Mass production technology, quality control, and cost saving Time 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto 36 ILC-GDE SCRF Plan

37. 37 Outline Introduction R&D Status Plan for Technical Design Phase Industrialization Accelerator Design and Integration (AD&I) Summary 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan

38. Technical Design Phase and Beyond 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan 38 Accelerator design and integration studies 20092010 RDR ACD concepts R&D Demonstrations TDP Baseline Technical Design 201120122013 RDR Baseline New baseline inputs TDR TDP-1 TDP-2 Change Request

39. SB-2009 Design Proposal No.SubjectContentsNote 1ML/SCRF: CavityGradient to be re-evaluated31.5 MV/m 2CFS: Tunnel conf.Single tunnel either with Clusterde or Distributed RFS 3AS: e+ sourceUndulator-based, and located at the end of ML (250 GeV), Captured by ¼ wave transformer 4AS: Low-PowerReduced power parametersN-b = 1312, T-rf = 2 ms 5AS: Dumping Ringcircumference L.= 3.2 km at 5- GeV L-b = 6 mm 6AS: Bunch Compressor Single stageCF = 20 7AS: Integ. e+/e- sourceInto common central region, together with BDS 8Availability and Safety 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan 39

40. Novel RF Distribution Concepts Klystron Cluster (SLAC) DRFS (KEK) Single Tunnel Solutions 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto 40 ILC-GDE SCRF Plan

41. 41 Summary Technical Design Phase in progress: Phase-1: Technical reality to be examined, 35 MV/m with yield 50 % in surface process ~ 33 MV/m with yield 50 % is being achieved 31.5 MV/m with the cavity-string in a cryomodule Phase-2: Technical credibility to be demonstrated 35 MV/m with the yield 90 % for 9-cell in manufacturing Beam acceleration with the field gradient 31.5 MV/m. We aim for Global R&D efforts toward “High Gradient” keeping “plug-compatibility” concept. Cooperation of world-wide Institutions and Industries crucially important to prepare for industrialization. 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan

42. Backup for Discussions 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan 42

43. Summary of R&D Efforts/Subjects Establish technology for defect-free production, with “quick” feedback using inspection camera results –Upgrade “inspection camera”, and –Develop other inspection tools, Identify, more accurately, origin of field emission after surface treatment –Research and improve “surface-analysis”: XPS, SEM,,, Establish and Demonstrate countermeasures: –The final treatment to remove FE source such as sponge wipe, degreaser rinse, ethanol rise, –Repair method such as grinding tool for curing damaged cavities 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto 43 ILC-GDE SCRF Plan

44. Project Plan in 2008-2010 Field gradient (S0) To be re-optimized, based on the R&D progress (2010), Plug-compatibility Common interface conditions being fixed, Overview document published System engineering/test plan, (S1, S2) Work sharing in cavity string in global effort (S1-Global) Accelerator system test with beam Necessary detailed study and re-coordination under limited resources, including schedule Effort for “Accelerator Design and Integration” optimization, Cluster or Distributed RF power sources and distribution, Prepare for AAP Interium Review in April, 2009 Global Communication and cooperation with Laboratories & Industries Visit Labs: DESY, INFN, CERN, CEA/Saclay, LAL/Orsay, CIEMAT, FNAL, SLAC, Cornell, Jlab, LANL, TRIUMF, KEK, IHEP, PKU, TU, PAL, KNU, IUAC, RRCAT, BARC, TTIF, VECC, Visit Industries: ACCEL, ZANON, AES, Niowave, MHI, PAVAC 44 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan

45. RDR Guidance for Baseline Definition Alternate:A technology or concept which may provide a significant cost reduction, increase in performance (or both), but which will not be mature enough to be considered baseline by mid-end 2012 Baseline:a forward looking configuration which we are reasonably confident can achieve the required performance and can be used to give a reasonably accurate cost estimate by mid-end 2012 (→ TDR) 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto 45 ILC-GDE SCRF Plan

46. How we may prepare for Industrialization and cost reduction? Re-visit previous effort, and update the cost-estimate for production –Understand the cost estimate in RDR mainly based on TESLA design work at ~ 10 years ago and the subsequent experience, –Reflect recent R&D experience with laboratories and industries, Encourage R&D Facilities for industrialization –To Learn cost-effective manufacturing, quality control and cost-reduction in cooperation with industries, It is important to facilitate them at major SCRF laboratories and extend the experiences at various laboratories (DESY, Jlab, Cornell and others), Reflect the R&D progress for cost-reduction Main effort for Baseline >> Forming, EBW, assembly work … Alternate effort with limited scale>> large-grain, seamless, or … 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan 46

47. SB-2009 Proposal (PMs) 1.A Main Linac length consistent with an optimal choice of average accelerating gradient –RDR: 31.5 MV/m, to be re-evaluated 2.Single-tunnel solution for the Main Linacs and RTML, with two possible variants for the HLRF –Klystron cluster scheme –DRFS scheme 3.Undulator-based e+ source located at the end of the electron Main Linac (250 GeV) –Capture device: Quarter-wave transformer 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto 47 ILC-GDE SCRF Plan

48. SB-2009 Proposal (PMs) 4.Reduced parameter set (with respect to the RDR) –n b = 1312 and a 2ms RF pulse (so-called “Low Power”) 5.Approx. 3.2 km circumference damping rings at 5 GeV –6 mm bunch length 6.Single-stage bunch compressor –compression factor of 20 7.Integration of the e+ and e- sources into a common “central region beam tunnel”, together with the BDS. 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto 48 ILC-GDE SCRF Plan

49. Focusing Points 全体、スケジュール、システム化、 R&D の 優先順位、 空洞 (BL, LL), 問題点、対策のリストアップ、 高勾配化への戦略、高圧ガス対策、 表面研究、実機との相関、実機へのフィード バック EP, EBW, 体制、中長期的展望 国際的な比較（コスト） 09-07-22, A. Yamamoto ILC-GDE SCRF Plan 49