1. Kinetic Temperature Retrievals from MGS TES Bolometer Measurements: Current Status and Future Plans A.A. Kutepov, A.G. Feofilov, L.Rezac July 28, 2009, NASA GSFC

2. Outline Theoretical approach, algorithm Application to real retrievals: problems. Methods of solution: separating detectors, re-calibration, etc Other possible methods Conclusions and future plans

3. Thermal Emission Spectrometer on MGS Satellite Spectrometer Michelson interferometer; spectral range: 1700 – 200 cm -1 (6 – 50  m); spectral sampling: ~5 or ~10 cm -1 Bolometer Bolometric thermal radiance channel (5.1 – 150  m) Solar reflectance channel (0.3 – 2.9  m) Spectral range: 5.1 – 150  m Tangent heights range: 0~100 km Single detector FOV: 13 km, however: 3x2 array of detectors scanned in overlapping steps provide 1-5 km vertical resolution Array of detectors

4. Bolometric instrumental function and contributions to signal

5. Non-LTE in CO 2 : vibrational temperatures

6. Forward Radiative Transfer model Feedback scheme: T’(z) = F{I meas (z), I simul (z)} Corrected T(z) P 0 from TES Spectrometer Initial guess for T(z) Iterations Non-LTE model Measured radiance I(z) I meas (z) ~ I simul (z) ? Retrieved T(z) CO 2 populations I simul (z) I meas (z) Forward fitting algorithm

7. Numerical simulation of retrieval process

8. Real life Daytime signal has an unknown pedestal. Moreover, 10  m radiance is non-thermal. Considering only nighttime retrievals. Straightforward interpretation of nighttime bolometric data produces unrealistic data. Calibration of TES bolometer using integrated TES spectrometer. Even re-calibrated TES bolometer radiances do not lead to temperature retrievals that would qualitatively agree with the current understanding of Martian atmosphere’s physics. Illustrations of these issues will follow.

9. Examples of day- and nighttime bolometric signals

10. Day- and nighttime simulations

11. Very first nighttime temperature retrievals. L s =0.

12. Possible reasons? Non-LTE issues: not important below ~80km altitude. Atomic oxygen or K V-T (CO 2 -O) rate: can not change the signal at 50-60km to be 2-3 times larger while the radiance from 100km remains negligible. Insufficient number of levels and transitions: tested. Line parameters uncertainties: this is very unlikely for the fundamental bands. Offsets in P 0 leading to changes in P(z): varied by ~30%, didn’t help. Possible signal issues: - twilight/night: only “pure night” cases selected - sporadic spikes: filtered out - differences between detectors (gain, latitudinal coverage): checked. Even if we take the “best” detector, it doesn’t help. - absolute values verification: need extra source of information.

13. Spectral TES as a reference dataset for calibration Average of the above

14. Bolometer  Spectrometer conversion (by M.Smith) We are interested in this part

15. Bolometer  Spectrometer conversion tables

17. “Best achievement”: temperature distribution for L s =0

18. Comparing with other measurements TES Spectrometer L s =0 MCS L s =330

19. Even less realistic: temperature distribution for L s =90

20. Reasons for retrieving increased T

21. Possible ways of solving the problem Continue further attempts of re-calibrating bolometer. Switch to spectrometer and work with integrated signal. Questions: What do we call an “integrated spectrometer”? Will the integrated spectrometer go above 60km? How good are MGS TES limb retrievals compared to retrievals from nadir observations?