1. Most are common to short stories and novels!

2. - where the story takes place - includes the following: geographical location time period socio-economic characteristics of the location specific building, room etc. - Can be used to tell readers about the characters - Can be used to set the atmosphere for the story

3. Round Characters: convincing, true to life; different, sometimes contradictory personality traits Dynamic Characters: change and develop Flat Characters: stereotyped, shallow, and often symbolic Static Characters: do not change

4. - sequence of events in a story or - planned, logical series of events having a beginning, middle and end

5. Introduction: start of the story Rising Action: series of conflicts and Climax / Turning Point: The most intense moment, either mentally or in action Falling Action: events and complications begin to resolve themselves Resolution: the untangling of events in the story

6. Conflict is the dramatic struggle between two forces in a story. Without conflict there is no plot.

7. External Conflict Human vs. Human Human vs. Nature Human vs. Society Human vs. Fate or the Supernatural Internal Conflict Human vs. Self

8. The angle or perspective from which the story is told Who is telling the story? For instance, is it a player on the home team or someone watching the game? How do we know what is happening? For instance, does a character tell us?

9. Told from the viewpoint of one of the characters, using the first person pronoun “I”. Innocent Eye: The story is told through the eyes of a child (his/her judgment being different from that of an adult). Stream of Consciousness: The story is told so that the reader feels as if they are inside the head of one character and knows all their thoughts and reactions.

10. The main character in the story is referred to using the second person pronoun “you”. Third Person The story is told using a narrator who is located outside of the action of the story and uses third person pronouns such as “he”, “she”, “his”, “her”, “they” etc. Omniscient Limited Omniscient Objective

11. Third person, told from the viewpoint of a character in the story. 3 rd Person Objective Third person, told as if from a camera that follows the characters. Only what is said and done is recorded. 3 rd Person Omniscient The narrator has the power to show the reader what is happening though a number of characters’ eyes.

12. Verbal Irony: This is the contrast between what is said and what is meant. Dramatic Irony: This is the contrast between what the character thinks to be true and what we (the reader) know to be true. Situational Irony: This is the most common in literature. It is the contrast between what happens and what was expected (or what would seem appropriate).

13. A journey can symbolize life Water may represent cleanliness and renewal A lion can be a symbol of courage. A red rose can represent love.

14. - goes back in time - giving the reader a memory - often used to provide additional information to the reader

15. Reference to a statement, person, a place, or events from: Literature History Religion Mythology Politics Sports

16. This is a writers’ technique in which the author provides clues or hints as to what is going to happen later in the story. It’s like the music in a scary movie when we know that something bad is about to happen.

17. Diction: choice of words Types of sentences Simple, compound, fragments Use of stylistic devices and/or poetic language (metaphor, simile, etc. and/or assonance, alliteration) Tone Theme Rhetorical Devices Point of View