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Published byTyler Cunningham Modified over 8 years ago
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Review
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Independent Variable Being manipulated or intentionally changed Dependent Variable Being measured (outcome) Control Group To compare, to ensure there is no outside influence
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1. You want to see if playing music makes plants grow taller. 2. Orchids were studied to determine if the amount of humidity affected the flowering of these plants. 3. A florist wants to see if Product X will extend the life of cut flowers so that they last longer. 4. A soap manufacturer wants to prove that their detergent works better to remove tough stains. 5. A scientist want to study the diversity of soil bacteria found during different months of the year.
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All organisms are composed of one or more cells. The cell is the most basic unit of structure, function, and organization in all organisms. All cells arise from pre-existing, living cells.
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Prokaryotic No nucleus, no membrane bound organelles Eukaryotic Nucleus & membrane bound organelles Plants + Animals
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Plants Chloroplast Cell wall Large vacuole Animals Lacking the above
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Diffusion movement of particles from high to low concentration Facilitated Diffusion Assisted using a protein allows for selected particles Active Transportation Requires energy (ATP)
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Hypertonic Higher concentration of solutes Hypotonic Higher concentration of water Isotonic Equal concentrations Why do plant cells not burst in a hypotonic solution?
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MacromoleculesSubunits Monomers, Functions:Examples: Carbohydrates Simple sugars - Glucose EnergySugar Starch LipidsFatty acids + Glycerol Energy storage + cell membrane Fats, oils, waxes ProteinsAmino AcidsStructure + Support Muscle, Bones, Enzymes Nucleic AcidsNucleotidesGenetic storage Protein synthesis DNA + RNA What is the difference between a monomer and polymer (think lego’s)
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Proteins that speed up biological reactions by reducing activation energy
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Polarity – slightly charged regions Hydrogen bonds – bonds between polar molecules Cohesion Attraction of same kind Adhesion Attraction different kind High specific heat Requires lots of energy to change temperature O HH _ ++
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Interphase – Most of cells life, growth, DNA replication (S) Mitosis – Division of nucleus Cytokinesis – Division of cytoplasm into 2 cells
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Division of nucleus For body or somatic cells Creates identical cells PMAT
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Creates 4 haploid cells Provides genetic variation (different from parent) Crossing over – mixing of DNA segments during prophase 1 (increases number of allele combinations)
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Occurs in chloroplast Uses solar energy to create chemical energy H2O+CO2 Sugar+02
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Occurs in mitochondria Provides energy for the cell (ATP) Sugar+02 H2O+CO2 Aerobic – uses O2 Anaerobic – does not use 02
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Energy on a cellular level “Battery” that gets used by use of an enzyme breaking off the 3 rd phosphate
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Double helix & Nucleotides Ex. If given ACC TGC write the compliment Base pairing rules A T C G
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Occurs during synthesis of interphase DNA unzips and uses itself as a template to create an identical copy of DNA
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