1. DATABASES

2. -2 Competencies Distinguish between the physical and logical view of data Describe how data is organized Describe databases Describe the five data models Distinguish among the different databases Recognize strategic database uses & security concerns

3. -3 Data Facts or observations about people, places, things, and events Two ways to view data Physical view Logical view

4. -4 Data Organization Character Field Record File Database

5. -5 Key Field Unique identifier Common examples Social security number Driver’s license Credit card account

6. -6 Batch Versus Real-Time Processing Batch processing -- later Real-time processing -- now Batch Processing

7. -7 Real-Time Processing

8. -8 Databases Sharing – one department to another Security – passwords to access Less data redundancy Data integrity

9. -9 Database Management DBMS engine Data definition subsystem Data manipulation subsystem Query-by-example Structured query language (SQL) Application generation subsystem Data administration subsystem

10. -10 DBMS Structure Hierarchical database Network database Relational database Multidimensional database Object-oriented database

11. -11 Hierarchical Database Fields or records are structured in nodes Nodes are point connected like branches One parent per node Parent has several child nodes Airlines may use a hierarchical database

12. -12 Network Database Hierarchical node arrangement Many-to-many relationship

13. -13 Relational Database Most flexible Data stored in table or relation Tables related via a common data item Easy to use

14. -14 Multidimensional Database A variation and an extension of the relational model Includes a hyper cube Good for representing complex relationships Advantages over relational Conceptualization Processing speed

15. -15 Object-Oriented Database Works with unstructured data Photographs Graphics Audio Video Objects contain both data and instructions

16. -16 Types of Databases Individual or microcomputer database Company or shared Operational User Distributed Proprietary Web database

17. -17 Database Uses and Issues Strategic uses Special type of database called data warehouse Data mining used to search database Security Databases are valuable Protection necessary

18. -18 A Look to the Future Xperanto Enhancement to searching for data Access to structured (relational databases) and unstructured data (word processing and spreadsheet files)

19. -19 FAQs What is data? Name the different types of data. What is the difference between a physical and a logical view? What is a key field? What is a relational database? What are the five classifications of databases? What is data mining?

20. -20 Discussion Questions Explain how data is organized. Discuss the difference between batch and real- time processing. Discuss the advantages of using a database. Describe the five DBMS models.