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Essential Questions How did labor unions impact industry and the lives of workers? How effective were labor unions in improving the lives of American workers?

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Presentation on theme: "Essential Questions How did labor unions impact industry and the lives of workers? How effective were labor unions in improving the lives of American workers?"— Presentation transcript:

1 Essential Questions How did labor unions impact industry and the lives of workers? How effective were labor unions in improving the lives of American workers?

2 Big Business Horizontal integration: monopoly formed by controlling all of the same type of business Vertical integration: monopoly formed by controlling business related to the primary business

3 Vertical and Horizontal Integration
Resources Manufacturing Distribution Horizontal

4 How do trusts and monopolies affect industry and the economy
How do trusts and monopolies affect industry and the economy? Fewer control more, growing gap between the rich and poor What conditions did factory workers face? Long hours, no benefits, poor pay and very hazardous conditions

5 Rise of Labor Unions Goals of Industry Effects on Workers
Results/Reaction Make money Improve manufacturing Control businesses Eliminate competition Mass production Bad working conditions Long hours Low wages No benefits Mind-dulling tasks Company towns Workers try to join together Labor unions form Strikes Incidents that get public attention Gov’t regulation Few gains during this era

6 Employee/Labor Union Tactics
Labor Unions Develop: a group of wage earners formed for the purpose of serving the members’ interests with respect to wages and working conditions. Employee/Labor Union Tactics Strike: a groups refusal to work in protest to low pay or bad working conditions Collective bargaining: negotiation between an employer and trade union, generally labor union leaders and the employer Arbitration: the hearing and determination of a dispute by a neutral party agreed to by both parties

7 Employer Tactics Blacklists: a list of persons or organizations that have incurred disapproval or suspicion or are to be boycotted Lockouts: a management action resisting employee’s demands; employees are prohibited from entering the work place until they agree to terms Scabs: workers that break strike lines to work Injunction: court order command or preventing an action— used to shut-down strikes

8 American Federation of Labor
Knights of Labor Terrance Powderly Any kind of labor accepted—open shop Weakness—unskilled workers lack leverage Preferred to only use strikes as last resort Equal pay for men and women American Federation of Labor Samuel Gompers—most well-known labor leader Only skilled workers—craft union Used collective bargaining and negotiations Made strikes a legitimate weapon for unions BOTH Unions Want to improve conditions for worker First labor organizations Better pay Better working conditions Shorter work week

9 Industrial Labor Unions
Radical labor union Founded by Eugene Debs All workers from the same industry Do achieve increased wages, but few other gains Industrial Workers of World aka the Wobblies Advocated workers making more decisions for the company and even becoming involved in politics

10 Over 50,000 miles of RR are shut down
Box Event Who What Results Gov’t Intervention Great Strike of 1877 Railroad workers Violent protests due to cutting of wages for a second time in one month Over 50,000 miles of RR are shut down Federal troops are sent in by Pres. Hayes—he says they are impeding interstate commerce Haymarket Square Haymarket Square Affair in Chicago of 1886 McCormick workers (3000) & Knights of Labor Protesting the death of a striker—a bomb is thrown into crowd police then fire into crowd = several police and civilians killed. Union activity is blamed for this incident, Union leaders are convicted, and it will lead to a decline in union activity especially Knights of Labor Industrial Unions Pullman Coach Strike of 1894 United Railroad Workers (all laborers in one industry) Eugene Debs Response to workers being laid off and wages being cut, but housing rent not being reduced. Pullman hired strikebreakers and violence breaks out Debs is jailed Workers are blacklisted

11 Women Workers Public Pressure
Women’s Labor Movement Mary Harris “mother” Jones Urged women to get behind leaders and striking husbands Used women and children to help strike Advocated against child labor Widespread publicity Helped get child labor laws passed Got women involved with movement Public Pressure Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire Workers at the factory, mostly women Fire broke out in factory, workers were trapped inside because the company had locked all the doors to prevent theft and to keep out union organizers About 145 died Public is outraged Task force set up to deal with conditions Leads to government regulations on working conditions Homestead Strike Steel workers at Carnegie’s Steel Co. in Homestead, PA Company president announce wage cuts, workers strike and the president of the company hired scabs and strikebreakers which lead to violence 3 detectives and 6 workers dead Gov’t intervention Hurts union Hurts Carnegie’s reputation

12 Quiz Grade Quiz Grade ACTIVITY ON STRIKES
You will be creating a brochure on the major strikes and incidents in the late 1800s that were a part of the labor movement and helped improve wages and conditions that workers faced during the time period. Front: Title, Picture, Name, Date, Block Inside: cover who was striking, why, what happened, any key people, any other pertinent information for the following events: Great Strike of 1877 Pullman Coach Strike Homestead Strike Haymarket Strike Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire Back Side: Knights of Labor and AFL as well as the tactics used by Unions and tactics used by Owners during the labor movement A minimum of 4 drawings (including front page) Each section must have a title Needs to be neat, colorful, and creative!! Quiz Grade Quiz Grade

13 Quiz Grade Quiz Grade ACTIVITY ON STRIKES
You will be creating a brochure on the major strikes and incidents in the late 1800s that were a part of the labor movement and helped improve wages and conditions that workers faced during the time period. Front: Title, Picture, Name, Date, Block Inside: cover who was striking, why, what happened, any key people, any other pertinent information for the following events: Great Strike of 1877 Pullman Coach Strike Homestead Strike Haymarket Strike Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire Back Side: Knights of Labor and AFL as well as the tactics used by Unions and tactics used by Owners during the labor movement A minimum of 4 drawings (including front page) Each section must have a title Needs to be neat, colorful, and creative!! Quiz Grade Quiz Grade

14 _____________________________
Led by __________ ___________ Any kind of labor accepted— ______ ________ Weakness—______________ workers lack leverage Preferred to only use strikes as ____ ___________ Wanted _______ pay for men and women _____________________________ Led by ___________ _________ —most well-known labor leader Only _________--________ _______ Used collective bargaining and negotiations Made strikes a legitimate weapon for unions BOTH Unions Want to __________ conditions for worker _______ labor organizations Better pay Better working conditions _______ work week

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