1. Connections and Meanings ORION Active Structure

2. ORION Active Structure Meanings Meanings are expressed through point of connection - changing the connection changes the meaning

3. ORION Active Structure Multiple Meanings Multiple meanings are picked up through connection to a node which embraces several meanings

4. ORION Active Structure Pruning Pruning at a PARSE operator results in only one meaning surviving

5. ORION Active Structure Changing Connection The single meaning forces a relocation of the connection to just that meaning

6. ORION Active Structure Why Change? Changing the point of connection allows collocations and other properties that apply only to that meaning to become active

7. ORION Active Structure Dynamic Structure Some meaning structure needs to be dynamically created - we don’t have points of connection for every verb for Base Form Present Tense Third Person Singular Present Tense Third Person Plural Past Tense Present Participle Past Participle Adjectival Participle - only special cases like “to be” The points are created on demand when there are multiple meanings - noun or verb

8. ORION Active Structure The amount of dynamic structure created depends on what is already there to support collocations All forms of a verb have the abstract form as a parent so collocations work for all

9. ORION Active Structure Until the meaning is singular, the alternatives change but the connection doesn’t

10. ORION Active Structure The singular meaning opens up any collocations for use

11. ORION Active Structure Multiple Meanings The use of direct connection as the means of differentiating among meanings allows us to attach information to particular points, making it only accessible to specific meanings, and also have information attached to an abstract form so all forms of the verb acquire it

12. ORION Active Structure Wordnet Collocations “Buy Back” We know the “buy” is a noun, but which “back” is it - it could be a prepositional adverb, a noun, an adjective, a verb. This way of representing collocations only as a string is not very useful. By representing them as connections to objects with meaning, the ambiguity is removed but at a cost.

13. ORION Active Structure Efficiency Wordnet might be using perhaps 40 bytes to represent a collocation on average, the active structure might be using 12 elements, or 2000 bytes. Memory has to be very cheap, or flexibility and accuracy in an open environment has to be important.