1. Stem-Changing Verbs of the Present Tense a.k.a Shoe verbs Boot Verbs Whale Verbs

2. Stem-Changing Verbs of the Present Tense Stem-changing verbs have a spelling change in the stem of the verb. This change takes place in all forms except nosotros/as (and vosotros/as). There are 4 types: 1.e:ie 2.o:ue 3.e:i 4.u:ue

3. Stem-Changing Verbs of the Present Tense e:ie PENSAR (to think) piensopensamos piensas piensapiensan

4. Stem-Changing Verbs of the Present Tense piensopensamos piensas piensapiensan

5. Stem-Changing Verbs of the Present Tense pienso pensamos piensas piensa piensan

6. Stem-Changing Verbs of the Present Tense Other verbs like PENSAR (e:ie): comenzar to begin confesar to confess preferir to prefer querer to want; to love defender to defendreferirse to refer despertar to wake upsentarse to sit divertirse to have funsentirse to feel empezar to beginsugerir to suggest encender to light; to turn ontropezar to trip entender to understand negar to refuse perder to lose

7. Stem-Changing Verbs of the Present Tense o:ue poder (to be able to) puedopodemos puedes puedepueden

8. Stem-Changing Verbs of the Present Tense Other verbs like PODER (o:ue): acordarse to remembermorir to die acostarse to lie down; go to bed mostrar to show almorzar to have lunchmover to move colgar to hangprobar to try contar to tell; countrecordar to remember costar to costresolver to solve dormir to sleepsoler to be in the habit of; have a tendency to encontrar to findsoñar to dream volver to return

9. Stem-Changing Verbs of the Present Tense e:i Pedir ( to ask for; request) pidopedimos pides pidepiden

10. Stem-Changing Verbs of the Present Tense Other verbs like PEDIR (e:i): despedirse to say goodbyeservir to serve impedir to impedesonreír to smile reír to laughvestirse to get dressed repetir to repeat

11. Stem-Changing Verbs of the Present Tense There is only 1 verb with a u:ue stem-change: jugar (to play) juegojugamos juegas juegajuegan

12. SPELLING CHANGE VERBS of the Present Tense Verbs ending in –gir, -guir, -uir and –cer have stem and spelling changes -gir (* also corregir: to correct) elegir ( to choose) elijoeligimos eliges eligeeligen

13. SPELLING CHANGE VERBS of the Present Tense -guir (* also conseguir: to obtain) seguir (to follow; continue) sigosigoseguimos sigues siguesiguen

14. SPELLING CHANGE VERBS of the Present Tense -uir (*also construir: to build; construct---destruir: to destroy---influir: to influence) incluir (to include) incluyoincluimos incluyes incluyeincluyen

15. SPELLING CHANGE VERBS of the Present Tense -cer torcer (to twist) tuerzotorcemos tuerces tuercetuercen